21. AT: = αλλα γαρ; used, as in 32, 35, 47, 65, and 68, to introduce the supposed objection of an opponent. -- CREDO: 'of course'. Cf. 47 where _credo_ follows _at_ as here. -- EXERCEAS: the subject is the indefinite 'you' equivalent to 'one', τις: 'unless one were to practise it'. So 28 _nequeas_; 33 _requiras_. Cf. also Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 3 _difficile est tenere quae acceperis, nisi exerceas_. For the mood see A. 309, _a_; G. 598, 597, Rem. 3; H. 508, 5, 2). -- TARDIOR: 'unusually dull'; cf. Academ. 2, 97 _Epicurus quem isti tardum putant_. -- THEMISTOCLES: famed for his memory. -- CIVIUM: 'fellow-countrymen'; _perceperat_: 'had grasped' or 'mastered'. -- QUI ... SOLITUM: 'that he often addressed as Lysimachus some one who for all that was Aristides'. The direct object of _salutare_ is omitted. For _qui = tametsi is_ cf. Att. 1, 13, 3 _nosmet ipsi, qui Lycurgei fuissemus, cotidie demitigamur_; also De Or. 1, 82. -- ESSET: A.342; G.631; H.529, II. and n. 1, 1). -- LYSIMACHUM: for _ut L._ or _pro Lysimacho_. So Arch. 19 _Homerum Chii suum vindicant_ (= _ut suum_ or _pro suo_). Lysimachus was the father of Aristides. -- SUNT: = _vivunt_, as often; so in 32 _esse = vivere_; 54 _fuit = vixit_; 56, 60, 69. -- SEPULCRA LEGENS: Cato was a great antiquarian; cf. 38 _Originum_. -- IN MEMORIAM REDEO MORTUORUM: the genitive as with _memini, recordari_ etc. For the phrase cf. Verr. 1, 120 _redite in memoriam, iudices, quae libido istius fuerit_; also below, 59 _in gratiam redire cum voluptate_. Here translate 'I refresh my memory of the dead'. -- QUEMQUAM SENEM: the best writers do not use _quisquam _as an adjective, but there is no need to alter _senem_ into _senum_ as some editors do, since _senem_ is a substitute for a clause _cum senex esset_; 'I never heard that anybody because he was an old man ...'. _Senes_ must be so taken in 22, since _pontifices_ etc. cannot stand as adjectives. Cf. n. on 10 _adulescentulus miles_. -- VADIMONIA: 'their appointments to appear in court, the debts due to them and the debts they owe'. When the hearing of a suit had to be adjourned, the defendant was bound over either on his own recognizance merely (_pure_) or along with sureties (_vades_) to appear in court on the day appointed for the next hearing, a sum or sums of money being forfeited in case of his non-appearance. The engagement to appear was technically called _vadimonium_; when the defendant entered into the engagement he was said _vadimonium promittere_; if he kept the engagement, _v. obire_ or _sistere_; if he failed in it, _v. deserere_. The plural _vadimonia_ is here used because a number of suits is meant; the word _constituta_ is chosen as a more general term than _promissa_, and as referring to the circumstances of both plaintiff and defendant. Strictly speaking, it is the presiding judge who _vadimonia constituit_. On this account _vadimonia constituta_ should be translated as above