Cavity-Nesting Birds of North American Forests: Agriculture Handbook 511Scott, Virgil E.
Science
Cavity-Nesting Birds of North American Forests: Agriculture Handbook 511
Scott, Virgil E.
Birds -- Nests; Birds -- North America; Cavity-nesting birds -- North America; Forest birds -- North America
Food: Scheffer and Cottam (1935) examined the contents of 117 adult myna
stomachs and found 39 percent animal and 61 percent vegetable matter.
Animal matter included flies, moths and caterpillars, wasps, bees, ants,
bugs, beetles, grasshoppers, spiders, and earthworms. Vegetable matter
included wild varieties of elderberries, cherries, blueberries,
crowberries, snowberries, salmonberries, loganberries, and
serviceberries. Fruits of cultivated cherries, strawberries,
raspberries, and blackberries were also eaten, with some damage done to
apples, pears, cabbages, and lettuce.
Prothonotary warbler
_Protonotaria citrea_
L 4¾″
[Illustration]
Habitat: The prothonotary warbler is found south of Canada in the
eastern deciduous forests of the United States. Other names for this
warbler (golden swamp warbler and willow warbler) describe its
preference for swamps and periodically flooded areas. The prothonotary
often lives near running water with streamside willows (Pearson 1936).
Nest: Nests are almost always in stumps and snags either standing in or
near water (Simpson 1969) and often leaning over the water (Pearson
1936). Downy woodpecker and chickadee holes ranging from 2 to 12 feet
and averaging 5 feet above the ground are used most often (Pearson
1936). However, the warbler reportedly has a wide tolerance for the type
of nesting cavities used. Prothonotaries occasionally even nest in bird
boxes and near buildings (Forbush and May 1939).
Food: Prothonotary warblers are primarily insectivorous. They eat ants,
spiders, beetles, mayflies, and their larvae. They also will eat the
larvae of water insects. This warbler feeds on trunks and branches of
trees, shrubs, and fallen logs. They will also perch on rank grasses and
water plants and eat small molluscs (Bent 1953).
Lucy’s warbler
_Vermivora luciae_
L 4¼″
[Illustration]
Habitat: This warbler inhabits mesquite woodlands and riparian
vegetation with willows and cottonwoods from Nevada to the southwestern
United States.
Nest: Nests of Lucy’s warblers are usually located in tree cavities or
under loose bark in willows, cottonwoods and mesquite. Ironwood, palo
verde, and catclaw have also been used for nest trees (Robbins et al.
1966, Bent 1953, Peterson 1961).
Food: Insects are the major food items in the diet of Lucy’s warbler
(Bent 1953).
House sparrow
_Passer domesticus_
L 5¼″
[Illustration]
Habitat: House sparrows are well known associates of man, thriving in
towns and urban situations. They are also birds of the suburban-rural
landscape (Summers-Smith 1963). Optimum habitat requirements are perhaps
best met around buildings where waste grain from poultry and livestock
feeding can be found. The species is scarce or absent from densely
forested and desert regions uninhabited by man (Kalmbach 1940).
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