Celtic art in Pagan and Christian timesAllen, J. Romilly (John Romilly)
Philosophy
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
Allen, J. Romilly (John Romilly)
Art, Celtic
[129] Ornamental weaving was, no doubt, practised. Although we have
no absolute proof of this, the La Tène helmet from Gorge-Meillet
(Marne), previously mentioned, has a sort of swastika pattern upon it,
suggestive of a textile origin.
The dwellings appear to have been circular or oval wattled huts, the
rudeness of which stands out in marked contrast to the high artistic
taste and technical skill of the inhabitants.
A few of the crannogs of Scotland[130] and Ireland,[131] whose
structure is somewhat analogous to the Glastonbury Marsh Village, have
also yielded Late-Celtic objects, but not in such quantities as to give
evidence of permanent occupation over a considerable period.
Hunsbury,[132] two miles south-west of Northampton, which has been
called the English “La Tène,” is a good example of a Late-Celtic
_oppidum_. The camp is of oval shape in plan, measuring 560 feet by
445 feet, and defended by a single earthen rampart and ditch. The area
enclosed is about four acres. Between 1880 and 1886 the whole of the
interior was excavated to obtain ironstone, which lay in a bed 12 feet
thick, at a depth of 7 feet 6 inches below the natural surface of the
ground.
[130] At Lochlee and at Lochspouts, Ayrshire; Dowalton, Wigtownshire;
and Hyndford, Lanarkshire (see Dr. R. Munro’s _Lake-Dwellings of
Scotland_).
[131] Lisnacroghera and Craigywarren, Co. Antrim; Strokestown and
Ardakillen, Co. Roscommon; Lagore, Co. Meath; and Ballinderry, Co.
Westmeath (see Wood Martin’s _Lake-Dwellings of Ireland_).
[132] See Sir Henry Dryden in _Associated Architectural Societies’
Reports_, vol. xviii. (1885), p. 53.
In the course of the excavations about three hundred refuse-pits,
averaging 5 feet in diameter, and dug in the soil overlying the
ironstone, were discovered. Amongst the contents of the pits were two
bronze sword-sheaths, one of them highly ornamented in the Late-Celtic
style;[133] three fibulæ, bridle-bits and cheek-pieces of bone, a
chariot-wheel, iron saws, knives, spear-heads, etc.; one hundred and
fifty quernstones, reckoning the upper and lower stones separately;
eight spindle-whorls, long-handled weaving-combs, and pottery
with Late-Celtic decoration. All these antiquities are now in the
Northampton Museum.
The camp on Mount Caburn, two miles south of Lewes, in Sussex, explored
by General Pitt-Rivers[134] in 1878, seems to have been an _oppidum_
of the same class as that at Hunsbury, and the relics indicated the
same kind of culture. The pits found at Mount Caburn were some of
them oval, and others oblong, 5 to 7 feet in diameter, and 5 feet
deep. The objects obtained from the pits included ornamental pottery,
long-handled wearing-combs, an iron billhook like the one from the
Glastonbury Marsh Village, and three ancient British tin coins.
[133] Engraved in the _Archæologia_, vol. lii., p. 762.
[134] _Archæologia_, vol. xlvi., p. 423.
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