[5] Butcher, _Harvard Lectures on Greek Subjects_, quoted by Barbour, _Philos. Study of Christian Ethics_, p. 11. Cf. also Burnet, _Ethics of Aristotle_, p. 73. 'The "mean" is really the true nature of the soul when fully developed.' [6] _Hist. of Europ. Morals_, vol. i. chap. ii. [7] See Author's _Ethics of St. Paul_ for further discussion of relation of Paul to Stoics. [8] Cf. E. Caird, _Evolution of Theology in the Greek Philosophers_, vol. i. p. 48. [9] Cf. Caird, idem. Pfleiderer, _Vorbereitung des Christentums in der Griech. Philos._; Wenley, _Preparation for Christianity_. [10] Exod. xx.; Deut. v. [11] Ex. xx.-xxiii. [12] Amos v. 25; Hos. vi. 6; Isa. i. 11-13. [13] Cf. Wallace, _Lectures and Essays on Natural Theol. and Ethics_, p. 183. [14] Micah vi. 8. [15] Isa. i. 13-17; Micah vi. 7. [16] Hab. ii. 4; cf. Rom. i. 17; Gal. iii. 2. [17] Though Houston Chamberlain, in his recent work, _The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century_, maintains that they were 'a most prosaic, materialistic people, without any real sense of poetry.' [18] Ps. 51. [19] Ps. 19. [20] Ps. 51; Isa. 1. [21] Deut. xxiv. 14, 15; Jer. xxii. 13-17; Matt. iii 5; Deut. xxv. 4. [22] Lev. xix. 18. [23] Gen. xviii. xix. [24] Isa. lxi.; Ps. xxii. 27; xlviii. 2-10; lxxxvii. [25] Isa. liv. 5. {53} SECTION B PERSONALITY {55} CHAPTER IV THE ESTIMATE OF MAN Having thus far laid the foundations of our study by a discussion of its presuppositions and sources, we are now prepared to consider man as the personal subject of the new life. The spirit of God which takes hold of man and renews his life must not be conceived as a foreign power breaking the continuity of consciousness. The natural is the basis of the supernatural. It is not a new personality which is created; it is the old that is transformed and completed. If there was not already implicit in man that which predisposed him for the higher life, a consciousness to which the spirit could appeal, then Christianity would be simply a mechanical or magical influence without ethical significance and having no relation to the past history of the individual. But that is not the teaching of our Lord or of His apostles. We are bound, therefore, to assume a certain substratum of powers, physical, mental and moral, as constituting the raw material of which the new personality is formed. The spirit of God does not quench the natural faculties of man, but works through and upon them, raising them to a higher value.[1] I. But before proceeding to a consideration of these elements of human consciousness to which Christianity appeals, we must glance at two opposite theories of human nature, either of which, if the complete view of man, would be inimical to Christianity.[2] {56}