Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
The _Clutia tenella_ was in like manner kept growing in my window
during the months of June and July. The male plant was in one pot,
the female in another. The latter abounded with fruit, not one of its
flowers proving abortive. I removed the two pots into different windows
of the same apartment; still all the female flowers continued to become
fruitful. At length I took away the male entirely, leaving the female
alone, and cutting off all the flowers which it had already borne.
Every day new ones appeared from the axila of every leaf; each remained
eight or ten days, after which their foot stalks turning yellow, they
fell barren to the ground. A botanical friend, who had amused himself
with observing this phenomenon with me, persuaded me to bring, from the
stove in the garden, a single male flower, which he placed over one of
the female ones, then in perfection, tying a piece of red silk around
its pistillum. The next day the male flower was taken away, and this
single seed-bud remained, and bore fruit. Afterwards I took another
male flower out of the same stove, and with a pair of slender forceps
pinched off one of its antheræ, which I afterwards gently scratched
with a feather, so that a very small portion of its pollen was
discharged upon one of the three stigmata of a female flower, the other
two stigmata being covered with paper. This fruit likewise attained its
due size, and on being cut transversely, exhibited one cell filled with
a large seed, and the other two empty. The rest of the flowers, being
unimpregnated, faded and fell off. This experiment may be performed
with as little trouble as the former.
The _Datisca cannabina_ came up in my garden from seed ten years
ago, and has every year been plentifully increased by means of its
perennial root. Flowers in great number have been produced by it; but,
being all female, they proved abortive. Being desirous of producing
male plants, I obtained more seeds from Paris. Some more plants were
raised; but these likewise to my great mortification, all proved
females, and bore flowers, but no fruit. In the year 1757 I received
another parcel of seeds. From these I obtained a few male plants, which
flowered in 1758. These were planted at a great distance from the
females; and when their flowers were just ready to emit their pollen,
holding a paper under them, I gently shook the spike of panicle with
my finger, till the paper was almost covered with the yellow powder. I
carried this to the females, which were flowering in another part of
the garden, and placed it over them. The cold nights of the year in
which this experiment was made, destroyed these Datiscas, with many
other plants, much earlier than usual. Nevertheless, when I examined
the flowers of those plants, which I had sprinkled with the fertilizing
powder, I found the seeds of their due magnitude; while in the more
remote Datiscas, which had not been impregnated with pollen, no traces
of seeds were visible.
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