“This same principle is one that should lead judges not to accept courtesies like railroad passes from persons or companies frequently litigants in their courts. It is not that such courtesies would really influence them to decide a case in favour of such litigants when justice required a different result; but the possible evil is that if the defeated litigant learns of the extension of such courtesy to the judge or the court by his opponent he cannot be convinced that his cause was heard by an indifferent tribunal, and it weakens the authority and the general standing of the court. “I knew of one judge who indignantly declared that of course he accepted passes, because he would not admit, by declining them, that such a little consideration or favour would influence his decision. But in the view I have given above a different ground for declining them can be found than the suggestion that such a courtesy would really influence his judgment in a case in which the railroad company giving the courtesy was a party.”[27] The intimate relation between present giving and bribery, suggests another illustration somewhat similar to the preceding. Readers of the famous diary of Samuel Pepys are familiar with the fact that in his official capacity as Clerk of the Acts and Surveyor General of the Victualling Office he often accepted presents. In one instance we find him quoting with grave approval the sage observation of his patron, Lord Sandwich, to the effect that “it was not the salary of any place that did make a man rich, but the opportunity of getting money while he is in the place.”[28] Venal as it may appear to the modern reader Pepys undoubtedly lived up to this precept, and owed to its consistent practice the very considerable property which he afterwards amassed. Yet one would be over hasty to conclude that the author of the “Diary” was an arch corruptionist. On the contrary he was so distinctly superior, both in efficiency and honesty, to most of his colleagues, that he won much well-merited recognition and succeeded in retaining office practically throughout the whole Restoration period in spite of the many upheavals and intrigues of that troublous time. While Pepys frankly admits that he accepted presents he insists that he never forgot the “King’s interest.” The manifest danger of allowing an official to measure in this way the quality of service due a sovereign, does not seem to occur to the diarist. On the other hand, he refers frequently, and usually in terms of condemnation, to many contemporaries in the administrative service who, at least in his opinion, were much less scrupulous than they should have been in determining the “King’s interest.” Thus he records the utterances of a certain Cooling, the Lord Chamberlain’s secretary and a veritable drunken roaring Falstaff of corruption, who boasted that “his horse was a bribe, and his boots a bribe; and told us he was made up of bribes,