An interesting intermediate case between morphotropy and true
isomorphism was investigated by the author in the year 1890, namely, a
series of homologous organic compounds differing by regular increments
of the organic radicle CH_{3}. They were prepared by Prof. Japp and Dr
Klingemann, and consisted of the methyl, CH_{3}, ethyl, C_{2}H_{5}, and
propyl, C_{3}H_{7}, derivatives of the substance triphenyl pyrrholone,
all of them being solids crystallising well. The problem was somewhat
complicated by the development of polymorphism, the methyl, ethyl, and
propyl compounds having each been found to be dimorphous, and not
improbably trimorphous, but only two varieties of each salt were
obtained in crystals adequately perfect for measurement. That the
production of these different forms was due to polymorphism and not to
chemical isomerism (different arrangement of the chemical atoms in the
molecule) was shown by the fact that one variety could be obtained from
the other by simply altering the conditions of crystallisation from the
same solvent. Their identical chemical composition was established by
direct analysis.
The methyl (CH_{3}) compound crystallised in rhombohedra and in
triclinic prisms. The ethyl (C_{2}H_{5}) derivative was deposited in
triclinic prisms exactly resembling those of the methyl compound in
habit and disposition of faces. A crystal of the triclinic methyl
derivative which would represent equally well the ethyl compound is
shown in Fig. 56. The angles also of the crystals of the two substances
are so similar that one might infer the existence of true and complete
isomorphism. The actual angular differences rarely exceeded three
degrees.
[Illustration:
FIG. 56.—Crystal of Methyl Triphenyl Pyrrholone.
]
Besides the triclinic form the ethyl derivative was also obtained in
monoclinic crystals, one of which is represented in Fig. 57. This
illustration might serve equally well, however, for a corresponding
monoclinic form of the propyl (C_{3}H_{7}) derivative, and the angles of
these two monoclinic ethyl and propyl compounds are even closer than
those of the triclinic methyl and ethyl derivatives, the closeness
increasing with the advent of symmetry.
[Illustration:
FIG. 57.—Crystal of Ethyl Triphenyl Pyrrholone.
]
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