Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
Many more estimates of the number of feeble-minded among school children
might be cited, but they would add little to these authoritative
samples. At the present time an estimate by health officers or teachers
who are not familiar with the results of mental testing has little
significance, as the whole complexion of the problem has been changed
since the work of Binet and Simon.[10] We may, however, cite three
estimates based upon familiarity with test results, which fairly cover
the range of estimates among school children. In connection with the
Springfield, Illinois, survey conducted by the National Committee for
Mental Hygiene under the direction of the Russel Sage Foundation, we
find that three typical schools with a total of 924 pupils were studied.
The report states that “the mentally defective children” constituted
3.8% of the number in attendance in March. The number of children in the
schools examined, for whom instruction in special classes would be
desirable, is about 7% of the entire enrollment of these schools (_203_,
p. 10).
In connection with the Stanford Version of the Binet Scale, Dr. Lewis M.
Terman says: “Whenever intelligence tests have been made in any
considerable number in the schools, they have shown that not far from 2%
of the children enrolled have a grade of intelligence which, however
long they live, will never develop beyond the level which is normal to
the average child of 11 or 12 years.... The more we learn about such
children, the clearer it becomes that they must be looked upon as real
defectives (_57_, p. 10). Again in placing the borderline for
feeble-mindedness” with the Intelligence Quotient used, he suggests that
“definite feeble-mindedness” lies below an I. Q. of 70 which with 1000
quotients was found to exclude about the lowest 1%. Above this is a
group with I. Q.'s 70-80 which he describes as “borderline deficiency,
sometimes classifiable as dullness, often as feeble-mindedness.” This
group would include, as judged by the results of these tests, over 4%
more.
Dr. Wallin, who has had wide experience in testing both school children
and defectives, states: “I will venture the assertion, after years of
teaching in the public schools and clinically examining public school
cases, that the oft-repeated statement that 2% of the general school
population is defective (if by this is meant feeble-minded), exaggerates
the real situation. The actual number is probably about 1%” (_211_, p.
149).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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