Formerly head chief of the Tamparethkas band of Comanches. He died in November, 1872, just after his return from Washington with a visiting delegation from his tribe. Was friendly to the whites, and a man of influence among his people, maintaining this influence and his chieftainship to the unusual age of 80 years. 155-6. BUFFALO HUMP. TAMPARETHKA. 157-8. JIM. TAMPARETHKA. 178-9. NATIVE DRAWINGS. 3. KIOWAS. The Kiowas, or prairie men, are one of the tribes that compose the Shoshone family. They are a wild and roving people, occupying the country about the headwaters of the Arkansas, but also formerly ranging over all of the country between the Platte and the Rio Grande. They had the reputation of being the most rapacious, cruel, and treacherous of all the Indians on the plains, and had a great deal of influence over the Comanches and other neighboring Indians. Our first knowledge of them was through Lewis and Clarke, who found them on the Paducah. They were at war with many of the northern tribes, but carried on a large trade in horses with some other tribes. Little intercourse was had with them until 1853, when they made a treaty and agreed to go on a reservation, but soon broke it and went raiding into Texas. The citizens of that State drove them out, but in revenge for the stoppage of their annuities, they retaliated upon the Texans, and until recently the warfare was kept up between them. In 1869, were placed on a reservation of over three and a half millions of acres with some Comanches and Apaches, but were restive and unsettled. In 1871, under their great chief Satanta, raided Texas again, but it resulted in the capture of himself and Big Tree, and their imprisonment soon after. Were afterwards pardoned by the governor of Texas, in whose custody they were, through interposition from Washington, and restored to their tribe; but this did not seem to lessen their hostility, and new disturbances arose, chiefly in consequence of raiding parties of whites from Texas, that led finally to the re-arrest of Satanta and his imprisonment in Texas. _List of illustrations._ 402. LONE WOLF. (Front.) 403. LONE WOLF. (Profile.) 404. SQUAW OF LONE WOLF. (Front.) 405. SQUAW OF LONE WOLF. (Profile.) 406. SQUAW OF LONE WOLF. (Standing.) 407. SLEEPING WOLF. 408. Son OF THE SUN. (Front.) 409. SON OF THE SUN. (Profile.) 410. NATIVE DRAWING. 4. SHOSHONES.