Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
Hepplewhite also was designing and manufacturing about this time, and is
noted principally for his japanned or painted furniture. In this process
the wood was first coated with a preparation after the manner of Chinese
or Japanese lacquer, and then decorated with fruit and flowers in gold
on a background. Subsequently, furniture of this character, instead of
being japanned, was merely painted white. Hepplewhite’s chair-backs
differ in form from Chippendale’s, being shield or oval shaped.
Satinwood came into use, and much of the work ascribed to Sheraton was
made of it.
Painted decoration of a delicate character, the details including
ribbons, borders and medallions, was applied to table-tops, harpsichord
cases, chair-backs and other objects. The names of Angelica Kauffmann
and Cipriani are associated with this form of decoration.
Hepplewhite and Sheraton were apparently influenced by the work of the
brothers Adam, which was a distinct departure from the earlier style.
The cabriole leg was rarely used, its place being taken by gracefully
tapered forms.
_Sheraton_
Although some of Sheraton’s furniture had painted detail, he more often
used marqueterie and inlay of fine design.
Panels were treated in marqueterie, with ovals or other simple shapes
surrounded by narrow bands or lines of contrasting colour.
Sheraton sideboards were usually without backs, and were sometimes
furnished with brass rails on top.
Bookcases had glass doors with well designed and finely worked sash
bars.
The general tendency was towards elegance and refinement, and led to
simplicity of treatment rather than over enrichment.
Indeed this may be taken as the culminating period for the finest
production of furniture, not only with regard to design and exquisite
workmanship, but in carefully studied utility. This consideration may be
seen in the dressing-tables and secretaires, which were full of
ingenious devices, and secret drawers and contrivances for hiding papers
and valuables were quite a feature of the work.
_Louis XVI_
Towards the end of the reign of Louis XV there was a distinct change in
taste, and consequently in style. This was manifested by a return to
simplicity of line,
[Illustration: No. 126. Painted Interior Decoration. Marie Antoinette
Boudoir. Louis XVI.]
[Illustration: No. 127. Interior Treatment. Louis XVI.]
[Illustration: No. 128. Chimney-piece with Mirror. Louis XVI.]
[Illustration: No. 129. Library with fitted Book-cases. Louis XVI.]
a more sparing use of enrichments and greater refinement of detail.
[Illustration: No. 130. Door Treatment. Louis XVI.]
Probably the same influence that inspired Adam was at work in France,
when the license that marked the Rococo gave place to a more severe and
restrained expression in the succeeding Louis XVI style, in which the
curvilinear and plastic forms became once more structural in feeling and
refined in detail.
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