Corn crops--which in the returns are made to include not only wheat,
barley, oats, and rye, but peas and beans--occupy altogether about
200,000 acres, or one-sixth of the cultivated area. In this respect
Devonshire surpasses the three adjoining counties, and is excelled by
only six English shires; Essex and Lincoln, where corn crops occupy
one-third of the area, Norfolk, where they are two-fifths, Cambridge and
Suffolk, where they take up nearly one-half, and Yorkshire, where more
than half the cultivated area is thus occupied. With regard to wheat
alone, the average yield per acre in Devonshire, for the last ten years,
is only 26-1/4 bushels, which is lower than that of any other county in
England except Monmouth.
Green crops other than permanent grass, and roots, occupy altogether
about 300,000 acres, an amount exceeded only in Norfolk and Yorkshire.
Devonshire ranks very high as a fruit-growing county, and the area of
its apple-orchards, about 27,000 acres, was, in 1908, greater than that
of any other county in England. Apples are grown in many districts,
but especially in the Vale of Exeter, in the South Hams, and in the
Valley of the Dart. Much of the fruit is, however, grown only for making
cider, and is of little value for the table. Plympton is said to have
had the first cider-orchard in England. When pears, plums, and cherries
are included in the fruit returns, Devonshire takes third place, being
surpassed by Kent and Hereford. Vines are grown against many cottage
walls, as is the case in other southern counties; but it is remarkable,
considering the mildness of the climate, that no Devonshire vineyard is
mentioned in Domesday Book, although several are included in the survey
for Somerset.
The space devoted to small fruits--strawberries, raspberries, currants,
and gooseberries--although showing a large comparative increase over
1907, amounted in 1908 to no more than 1252 acres. In this respect
Devonshire is fourteenth among the English counties, producing little
more than one-twentieth as much small fruit as Kent, for instance.
Devonshire has no true forests. Dartmoor and Exmoor were so called
in the sense of being unenclosed and uncultivated. But except on the
moors, the county is well-timbered, and its fine trees add greatly to
its beauty. Its woods, plantations, and coppices amount altogether to
nearly 90,000 acres, or about one-eighteenth of its whole area; and it
here ranks fifth among the shires of England. Sussex has the greatest
proportion of woodland, about one-seventh of its total area; and
Cambridgeshire, with only one-ninety-second, has the least. There are
considerable woods in some of the many beautiful parks; but probably the
most famous is the Wistman's Wood, near Two Bridges, the ancestors of
whose stunted and fantastic-looking oak-trees are mentioned in Domesday
Book.
[Illustration: Gathering Cider Apples]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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