[44] "Beef juice is not the same as 'dish gravy,' since the latter contains a large amount of cooked fat and is often highly indigestible." Morse and Talbot's "Diseases of Nutrition and Infant Feeding." [45] Formula suggested by Finkelstein and Meyer. [46] "Diet in Disease," by Freidenwald and Ruhraeh and other sources. [47] Formulas marked with one star are those used in the Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago, Ill. Courtesy of Miss R. Straka, Dietitian. Formulas marked with two stars are used in the Olmsted Hospital, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Courtesy of Misses Foley and Ellithorpe, Dietitians. Formulas unmarked are used by the author in Memphis General and St. Joseph's Hospitals, Memphis, Tenn. [48] "Treatment of Diabetes," p. 538, by Joslin. [49] "The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus," p. 531, by Joslin. [50] "Starvation Treatment of Diabetes," p. 43, by Hill and Eckman. SECTION III THE HUMAN MACHINE CHAPTER VII THE HUMAN BODY ~Chemical Composition of the Body.~--It has been estimated by various writers that the human body has an approximate average chemical composition[51] of-- Oxygen about 65 per cent Carbon about 18 per cent Hydrogen about 10 per cent Nitrogen about 3 per cent Calcium about 2 per cent Phosphorus about 1 per cent Potassium about 0.35 per cent Sulphur about 0.25 per cent Sodium about 0.15 per cent Chlorine about 0.15 per cent Magnesium about 0.05 per cent Iron about 0.004 per cent Iodine } Fluorine } very minute quantities Silicon } ~Dependence of the body upon Food.~--The human body, like any other piece of machinery, undergoes a constant wear and tear incidental to the work it performs, but in the human machine this is not all that must be included in its upkeep. The replacing of the dead and cast out cells with new ones, the repairing of the worn cells, the furnishing of heat, not only for the running of the engine but for the maintenance of the body temperature,--all of these must be considered and cared for if life is to continue. In man-made machinery, the renewal of the worn parts, and the replacing of those no longer useful must be accomplished by an outside agency. But in the body this work is performed by the organism; and the material used for the purpose, as well as that which is used to furnish the heat necessary for the internal and external activities of the body is food. ~Exceptions to this Rule.~--Under normal conditions the body never uses its own structure either for fuel or to replace tissue losses. In starvation the body rebuilds its important tissues, such as the nerves and glands, at the expense of the less important ones, such as the connective tissues and the skeletal muscles (Taylor).