All persons having feet thus turned should patronize the last maker before expecting to accomplish much toward correcting them. An ordinary last is, in these cases, good for nothing. It needs to be straight, or nearly so, on its outside edge, from heel to ball, and that part between the heel and instep—the back half of it—should be very full on the outside, while it should be much hollowed out on the _inside_. In other words without altering the general form of the front part, _the bulk of the wood in the back and middle parts should incline toward, and be on, the outside_. The bottom of the last, _particularly at the heel_, may then be thinned off at the outside edge of the _sole_, leaving it deepest, or thickest, relatively, at its _inside_. It then has the appearance of being _inclined over outwardly_. The shoe or boot made upon it would really be inclined outwardly, and possess a tendency to push the foot which wore it over in the same direction. This is its precise intention. The maker must not forget to see that the upper is lasted over equally on both sides, or more on the outside, if either. Then it is just such a shoe as would fit easily and comfortably a foot that treads outside; and _for that very reason_ it is exactly such a one as _ought to be worn_ by a foot that treads _inwardly_. All the force exerted by the stiffness of the counter, and the _inclination of the whole shoe_, goes toward righting up the foot and pushing it over outwardly. Still there is nothing that can _hurt_ the foot—only a steady and gentle pressure in the right direction, which does not interfere with the use of the muscles. In extreme cases a further precaution may be taken by building the heels more upon the inside than the other, and raising them a little the highest on that side, fortifying them still more by some large nails, while the _outside_ is not guarded at all. The inside edge of the sole, if sufficiently thick, may be treated in the same way. We have said the last should be _flat_. It ought to be quite as much so as the foot; and the long heel must not be forgotten. Of course if there is _no_ flatness of the shank, as is sometimes the case, there need be none in the last. This plan of treatment will not only right up the foot, but we believe it will be a great help toward raising the flattened arch. At least, it ought not to be neglected in any case of flat-foot associated with treading inward; for as long as the foot treads on the inside, there is one cause—weight wrongly directed on the arch—constantly operating to break it down. And this might defeat all the efforts for its restoration.