At the Comstock Lode in Colorado about twelve years ago many
earthquakes were felt. On one particular day twenty-four were counted.
Superintendent Charles Foreman told the author when he visited Virginia
City in 1882, that special observations were made to determine whether
these shocks were felt as severely deep down in the mines as on the
surface, where they were on the verge of being destructive. The
universal testimony of many observers was that in most cases they were
not felt at all underground, and when a shock was felt it was extremely
feeble. At Takashima Colliery, in Japan, it is seldom that shocks are
felt underground.
The explanation of these latter observations appears to be either
that, in consequence of a smaller amplitude of motion in the solid
rocks beneath the surface as compared with the extent of motion on
the surface, the disturbances are passed by unnoticed, or else the
disturbance is, at a distance from its origin, practically confined to
the surface.
_Velocity of Propagation of an Earthquake._—Although many have written
upon earthquakes and have endeavoured to give to us the velocity with
which they were propagated, the subject is one about which we have as
yet but little exact information.
The importance of this branch of investigation is undoubtedly great.
By knowing the velocity with which an earthquake has travelled in
various directions we are assisted in determining the locality of
its origin; we may possibly make important deductions respecting the
nature of the medium through which it has passed; perhaps also we
may learn something regarding the intensity of the disturbance which
created the earthquake. In the Report of the British Association for
1851 Mallet gives the table on next page, in which are placed together
the approximate rates of transit of shocks of several earthquakes
which he discusses. Some of these, it will be observed, are records of
disturbances which must have passed through or across the bed of the
ocean.
In Mallet’s British Association Report for 1858, he gives data compiled
by Mr. David Milne[16] respecting the Lisbon earthquakes of 1755 and
1761, from which data the tables of velocities (p. 89) have been
calculated, omitting those which Mr. Mallet has marked as uncertain.
The distances are marked in degrees of seventy English miles each, and
the time is reduced to Lisbon time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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