As the disturbance was felt at Yokohama twenty-one seconds later than
at Tokio, and the distances between these two places is about sixteen
geographical miles, for this portion of its course the disturbance
must have travelled at a rate of at least 4,300 _feet per second_. If
we assume that the shock, after having reached Hakodate, travelled on
at the same rate as it did between Tokio and Yokohama in order to reach
Saporo, where the shaking was felt eighteen seconds after Hakodate,
it must have had about thirteen geographical miles to travel after
Hakodate was shaken before Saporo felt its effect.
Drawing from Hakodate a tangent to the eastern side of a circle of
thirteen miles radius described round Saporo, the origin of the
disturbance must be on the line bisecting this tangent at right angles.
As it also lies on a line drawn through Tokio and Yokohama, it lies in
a position about 41 N. lat. and 144° 15′ E. long., which is a position
somewhat nearer to Nemuro than Hakodate, as we should anticipate. If
this be taken as approximately indicating the origin, then the shock,
after reaching Hakodate from the Hakodate _homoseist_, travelled about
218 miles to reach Tokio in 128 seconds, which gives a _velocity of
10,219 feet per second_.
The method here followed is equivalent to that of the hyperbola and one
direction (see p. 204). The hyperbola is described on the assumption
that the velocity deduced from the time taken to travel between Tokio
and Yokohama is correct, and also that the earth waves travelled with
approximately the same velocity in the vicinity of Saporo as near
Tokio. The probability, however, is that they travelled more quickly.
If this be so, then the origin is thrown somewhat to the south-east and
the velocity between the Hakodate homoseist and Tokio reduced. Thus,
if the velocity in the Saporo district be double that observed in the
Tokio district, the origin is shifted about twenty-eight miles to the
south-west, and the last-mentioned velocity is reduced to about 9,000
feet per second.
If we work by the method of circles, and assume the velocity to have
been constant in all directions, then this velocity must have been
about 6,000 feet per second. If we assume that the indications of
direction obtained from seismographs and other sources give to us by
this intersection a proper origin, the velocity in some directions may
have been as much as 17,000 feet per second.
An origin thus determined, or even if determined by the method of
circles, is in discord with the fact that places like Nemuro, in the
north-east of Yezo, were nearer to the origin than any of the other
places which have been mentioned.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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