Fry, Elizabeth Gurney, 1780-1845; Prison reformers -- Biography
"Yesterday I had a day of ups and downs, as far as the opinions of
man are concerned, in a remarkable degree. I found that there was a
grievous misunderstanding between Lord Sidmouth and myself, and
that some things I had done had tried him exceedingly; indeed, I
see that I have mistaken my conduct in some particulars respecting
the case of poor Skelton, and in the efforts made to save her life,
I too incautiously spoke of some in power. When under great
humiliation in consequence of this, Lady Harcourt, who most kindly
interested herself in the subject, took me with her to the Mansion
House, rather against my will, to meet many of the royal family at
the examination of some large schools. Among the rest, the Queen
was there. There was quite a buzz when I went into the Egyptian
Hall, where one or two thousand people were collected; and when the
Queen came to speak to me, which she did very kindly, I am told
that there was a general clapp. I think I may say this hardly
raised me at all; I was so very low from what had occurred
before.... My mind has not recovered this affair of Lord Sidmouth,
and finding that the bank directors are also affronted with me
added to my trouble, more particularly as there was an appearance
of evil in my conduct; but, I trust, no greater fault in reality
than a want of prudence in that which I expressed."
The Society of Friends had always been opposed to capital punishment.
Ten years previously, Sir Samuel Romilly had determined to attack these
sanguinary enactments, one by one, in order to ensure success. He began,
therefore, with the Act of Queen Elizabeth, "which made it a capital
offense to steal privately from the person of another." William Alien
records in the same year, 1808, the formation of a "Society for
Diffusing Information on the Subject of Punishment by Death." This
little band worked with Sir Samuel until his painful death in 1818;
while Dr. Parr, Jeremy Bentham, and Dugald Stewart aided the enterprise
by words of encouragement, both in public and in private. In Joseph John
Gurney's Memoirs, it is stated that Dr. Lushington declared his opinion
that the poor criminal was thus hurried out of life and into eternity by
means of the perpetration of another crime far greater, for the most
part, than any which the sufferer had committed.
The feeling grew, and in place of the indifference and scorn of human
life which had formerly characterized society, there sprang up an eager
desire to save life, except for the crime of murder. In May, 1821, Sir
James Mackintosh introduced a bill for "Mitigating the Severity of
Punishment in Certain Cases of Forgery, and Crimes connected
therewith." Buxton, in advocating this measure, says truly:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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