Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Echinoderma" to "Edward, prince of Wales": Volume 8, Slice 10Various
Science
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Echinoderma" to "Edward, prince of Wales": Volume 8, Slice 10
Various
Encyclopedias and dictionaries
The eclipse of August 29, 1886, was observed in the West Indies. The
English photographs of the corona, taken with a slitless spectroscope,
show the hydrogen lines as well as K and f. Tacchini devoted his
attention to the spectra of the prominences, and showed that their upper
portions contained no hydrogen lines, but only the H and K lines of
calcium. He also observed a very extensive "white" prominence. It was
shown on the photographs of the corona, but could not be seen in the
H[alpha] line with the spectroscope. It has been suggested by Professor
G.E. Hale that the colour of a "white" prominence may be due to the fact
that the H and K lines (calcium) are of their normal intensity, while
the less refrangible prominence lines are, from some unknown cause,
comparatively faint. It is known that the intensity of such lines does,
in fact, vary, though it is not yet certain that the "white" prominences
are produced in this way. The subject is one demanding further
observation. High prominences are generally "white" at their summits,
"red" at their bases. The Harvard College Observatory photographs show
the corona out to 90' from the moon's limb, though no detail is visible
beyond 60'. W.H. Pickering made a series of photographic photometric
measures of the corona, some of which are given below, together with
results deduced by Holden from the eclipses of January and December
1889:--
+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------+
| | August | January | December|
| | 1886. | 1889. | 1889. |
+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------+
| Intrinsic actinic brilliancy of the | | | |
| brightest parts of the corona | 0.031 | 0.079 | 0.029 |
| Do. of the polar rays | · · | 0.053 | 0.016 |
| Do. of the sky near the sun | 0.0007 | 0.0050 | 0.0009 |
| Ratio of intrinsic brilliancy of the | | | |
| brightest parts of the corona to | | | |
| that of the sky (actinic) | 44 to 1 | 16 to 1 | 32 to 1 |
| Magnitude of the faintest star | | | |
| shown on the eclipse negatives | · · | 2.3 | · · |
+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------+
The results in the first and third columns are derived from plates
taken in a very humid climate, and are not very different.
The eclipse of August 19, 1887, was total in Japan and Russia, but
cloudy weather prevented successful observations except in Siberia and
eastern Russia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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