For the sieges: Frobenius, _Kriegsgesch. Beispiele d. Festungskriegs aus d. deutsch.-franz. Kg._ (Berlin, 1899-1900); Goetze, _Taetigkeit der deutschen Ingenieuren_ (Berlin, 1871; English translation). The most useful bibliography is that of General Palat ("P. Lehautcourt"). (C. F. A.) FOOTNOTES: [1] This was the celebrated "bapteme de feu" of the prince imperial. [2] The II. corps had not yet arrived from Germany. [3] Of the I. army the I. corps was retained on the east side of Metz. The II. corps belonged to the II. army, but had not yet reached the front. [4] The 13th corps (Vinoy), which had followed MacMahon's army at some distance, was not involved in the catastrophe of Sedan, and by good luck as well as good management evaded the German pursuit and returned safely to Paris. [5] Jules Favre, it appears, neglected to inform Gambetta of the exception. FRANCOIS DE NEUFCHATEAU, NICOLAS LOUIS, COUNT (1750-1828), French statesman and poet, was born at Saffais near Rozieres in Lorraine on the 17th of April 1750, the son of a school-teacher. He studied at the Jesuit college of Neufchateau in the Vosges, and at the age of fourteen published a volume of poetry which obtained the approbation of Rousseau and of Voltaire. Neufchateau conferred on him its name, and he was elected member of some of the principal academies of France. In 1783 he was named _procureur-general_ to the council of Santo Domingo. He had previously been engaged on a translation of Ariosto, which he finished before his return to France five years afterwards, but it perished during the shipwreck which occurred during his voyage home. After the Revolution he was elected deputy _suppleant_ to the National Assembly, was charged with the organization of the Department of the Vosges, and was elected later to the Legislative Assembly, of which he first became secretary and then president. In 1793 he was imprisoned on account of the political sentiments, in reality very innocent, of his drama _Pamela ou la vertu recompensee_ (Theatre de la Nation, 1st August 1793), but was set free a few days afterwards at the revolution of the 9th Thermidor. In 1797 he became minister of the interior, in which office he distinguished himself by the thoroughness of his administration in all departments. It is to him that France owes its system of inland navigation. He inaugurated the museum of the Louvre, and was one of the promoters of the first universal exhibition of industrial products. From 1804 to 1806 he was president of the Senate, and in that capacity the duty devolved upon him of soliciting Napoleon to assume the title of emperor. In 1808 he received the dignity of count. Retiring from public life in 1814, he occupied himself chiefly in the study of agriculture, until his death on the 10th of January 1828.