As it was obvious that the claim to be God's mouthpiece was to claim
autocracy, Mahomet employed the utmost caution in his mode of asserting
this claim; on the question of his sincerity there have been different
opinions held, and it is not necessary to take any view on this matter.
For three years his followers were a secret society; and this period
appears to have been preceded by one of private preparation, the first
revelation being received when the Prophet was in religious
retirement--a ceremony called _tahannuth_, of which the meaning is
uncertain, but which can have no connexion with the Hebrew _tehinnoth_
("supplications")--on Mount Hira, near Mecca.
The Koran.
If the traditional dates assigned to the _suras_ (chapters) of the Koran
(q.v.) are correct, the earliest revelations took the form of pages or
rolls which the Prophet was to read by the "grace of God," as Joseph
Smith, the founder of the Mormon community, said of the power given him
to read the "Egyptian" characters on the gold plates which he had found.
The command to read is accompanied by the statement that "his most
generous Lord had taught man by the pen (_calamus_) that which he did
not know." Waraqah, to whom the event is said to have been communicated
by Khadija, called these communications "the Greater Law (_nomos_)." The
Prophet was directed to communicate his mission at the first only to his
nearest relatives. The utterances were from the first in a sort of
rhyme, such as is said to have been employed for solemn matter in
general, e.g. oracles or prayers. At an early period the production of a
written communication was abandoned for oral communications, delivered
by the Prophet in trance; their delivery was preceded by copious
perspiration, for which the Prophet prepared (in accordance with
instructions found in the Koran) by wrapping himself in a blanket.
Trusty followers were instructed to take these utterances down, but the
phenomena which accompanied their delivery at least in one case
suggested imposture to the scribe, who apostatized in consequence. It is
extraordinary that there is no reason to suppose that any official
record was ever kept of these revelations; the Prophet treated them
somewhat as the Sibyl did her leaves. This carelessness is equally
astounding whether the Prophet was sincere or insincere.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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