Engineers and their triumphs: the story of the locomotive, the steamship, bridge building, tunnel makingHolmes, F. M. (Frederic Morell)
History
Engineers and their triumphs: the story of the locomotive, the steamship, bridge building, tunnel making
Holmes, F. M. (Frederic Morell)
Engineering; Engineers
Those people who care for figures may be interested in knowing that
the _Britannic_ had been 91,741 hours under steam, and 85,812 hours
actually under weigh. Her engines had made 280 million revolutions, and
maintained an average speed of 15 knots, or 17¼ statute miles an hour,
while she had burnt 406,000 tons of coal. During their nineteen years
of life the two vessels had carried 100,000 saloon, and over 260,000
steerage passengers, in safety and in comfort.
This is a record of which all concerned, builders, owners, and working
staff, may well be proud. It augurs first-class, honest work, and
superb engineering skill. Since the construction of these ships,
however, vessels surpassing them in speed have, of course, been built,
among which may be mentioned the same line’s _Teutonic_ and _Majestic_.
The well-known Cunarders, _Umbria_ and _Etruria_, have also done some
very fine work, indicating great excellence of construction. Thus,
on her eighty-second voyage, the _Umbria_ steamed from Queenstown to
Sandy Hook in 5 days, 22 hours; or, allowing for detention through fog,
5 days, 18½ hours, which is within three or four hours of the White
Stars’ and American’s time.
The story of the British warship _Calliope_, at Samoa, will also show
how marvellously well ships’ engines can be built. Some difficulties
had arisen between the United States and Germany as to Samoa, and
several warships had gathered there. Some weeks of bad weather had
occurred, and then, on the 15th of March, 1889, the wind began to blow
with tremendous force. Down came the top masts from the warships—taken
down as a precaution; steam was raised in the boilers in case anchors
should not hold, and spars were made secure. But no man among the
sailors expected such a hurricane as ensued.
Rain fell at midnight, and the wind increased. Huge waves rolled in
from the South Pacific, and the vessels tugged madly at their anchor
chains and pitched fearfully up and down, like corks. Then the _Eber_,
one of the German ships, began to drag her anchors; and the _Vandalia_,
one of the Americans, followed suit. But by their steam power they kept
off a dangerous reef, and also prevented themselves from colliding with
their neighbours.
Still higher and higher blew the hurricane, and the rain fell with
tropic severity. Three hours after midnight the situation had become
terrible. Almost every vessel was dragging her anchors, and the danger
of collision was constant.
The scene of the occurrence was a small bay before Apia, the capital
of Samoa. But there is a coral reef extending in front of the bay
for about two miles, and in the centre of the reef an opening about
a quarter of a mile wide. The ships, therefore, were shut up in a
comparatively small space, from which the way of escape was this
gateway through the reef. The tide rushed in with great rapidity,
swamping the land a hundred feet or so above high-water mark.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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