Ale-house and shop-signs were much used as devices on tokens; but, of course, occurring as they do by the hundred, are too numerous to particularize. Sometimes the sign was named in addition to the device, but at others the name or the device was alone used. Thus for instance:-- [Illustration: “Red Lion,” Ashbourne.] [Illustration: “George and Dragon,” Uttoxeter.] [Illustration: “Bunch of Grapes,” Bolsover.] _Obv._ WILLIAM WEBB AT THE = Within the inner circle the figure of St. George and the Dragon. _Rev._ IN SITTINGBORN, 1670 = Within the inner circle, in three lines, HIS HALF PENY. _Obv._ EDMOND HOLT AT THE = Within the inner circle a ship. _Rev._ SHIP IN RATCLIFFE, 1668 = Within the inner circle, in four lines, HIS HALFE PENY. E.H. [Illustration: Arms of the Borough of Derby.] Arms of cities and towns are found not only on those tokens which were issued by corporations, mayors, or other bodies or officials, but by some tradesmen. Of the first an example or two will be sufficient:-- _Obv._ THE MAYOR OF = A shield bearing the arms of the city of Oxford; an “Ox” crossing a “Ford.” _Rev._ OXFORD TOKEN = C.O., 1652. A small R for Rawlins the die sinker. _Obv._ A BECCLES FARTHING, 1670. B = In four lines across the coin. _Rev._ The arms of Beccles, a cattle pen, and Town Hall. _Obv._ A BRISTOLL FARTHING = C.B., 1652, and a small R for Rawlins the die sinker. _Rev._ THE ARMES OF BRISTOLL = The arms of Bristol on a shield. Of family arms, which are occasionally met with on tokens, and also of crests, the following engraved examples will be sufficient to show their general character. [Illustration: Arms and Crest of Shalcross.] [Illustration: Arms and Crest of Manaton.] [Illustration: Arms and Crest of Gent.] [Illustration: Arms of Coates.] [Illustration: Crest of Rossington.] Merchants marks, some of which are curious and of considerable interest, were to some extent used. They were, indeed, of much the same use as the “Trade Marks” of our own day. Other devices are implements of one kind or other connected with the trade or calling of the issuer; articles of clothing made or sold by him; animals and heraldic figures usually derived from guild arms or from signs; articles of domestic use of endless variety; and ships, boats, coaches, carriages, pack-horses, and numerous other matters connected with the daily life of the people. [Illustration]