Lloyd Morgan, C., ’23. “Emergent Evolution.” London, 1923. Marvin, F. S. “Progress and History” (5th Imp.). Oxford, 1921. Radl, E., ’09. “Geschichte der biologischen Theorien,” vol. ii. Leipzig, 1909. Ritchie, ’01. “Darwinism in Politics” (4th Ed.). London, 1901. Roberts, Morley, ’20. “Warfare in the Human Body.” London, 1920. Roux, W., ’81. “Der Kampf der Teile im Organismics.” 1881. Sherrington, ’22. “The Advancement of Science, 1922.” London, 1922. Spencer, Herbert. “First Principles,” “Principles of Biology,” “Principles of Sociology.” Thorndike, E. L., ’11. “Animal Intelligence.” New York, 1911. Trotter, W., ’19. “Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War” (2nd Ed.). London, 1919. Wells, H. G., ’21. “The Outline of History.” London, 1921. FOOTNOTES: [18] For a remarkable critical history of biological thought during this period, see Radl, ’09. [19] Morley Roberts is a recent exception. See his interesting book, _Warfare in the Human Body_. [20] _Science_, September 1921. [21] See Thorndike, ’11. [22] See J. S. Huxley, ’12, for a discussion of the grades of biological individuality. [23] See, e.g., Wells, ’21, pp. 558, 666. [24] See Roux, ’81, for a discussion of this important extension of Darwinism. [25] See Thorndike, _op. cit._; Washburn, _The Animal Mind_. New York, 1913. III ILS N’ONT QUE DE L’ÂME: AN ESSAY ON BIRD-MIND THE BIRDS To most of us, a bird’s a feathered song Which for our pleasure gives a voice to spring. We make a symbol of its airy wing Bright with the liberty for which we long. Or we discover them with love more strong As each a separate, individual thing Which only learns to act, or move, or sing In ways that wholly to itself belong. But some with deeper and more inward sight See them a part of that one Life which streams Slow on, towards more mind--a part more light Then we; unburdened with regrets, or dreams, Or thought. A winged emotion of the sky, The birds through an eternal Present fly. OXFORD, _April 1923_. ILS N’ONT QUE DE L’ÂME: AN ESSAY ON BIRD-MIND “O Nightingale, thou surely art A creature of a fiery heart.” --W. WORDSWORTH. “The inferior animals, when the conditions of life are favourable, are subject to periodical fits of gladness, affecting them powerfully and standing out in vivid contrast to their ordinary temper.... Birds are more subject to this universal joyous instinct than mammals, and ... as they are much freer than mammals, more buoyant and graceful in action, more loquacious, and have voices so much finer, their gladness shows itself in a greater variety of ways, with more regular and beautiful motions, and with melody.”--W. H. HUDSON.