4. =decem et octō annōs nātus= (_nāscor_): ‘having been born eighteen years’ ＝ ‘eighteen years old.’ The more common expression for the numeral is _duodēvīgintī_. Cf. _annōrum trium et vīgintī_, Bk. II, Ch. 6; _annum agēns vīcēsimum aetātis_, Bk. III, Ch. 7. 5. =urbem exiguam=: remains of this city are still found on the Palatine Hill. =Palātīnō monte=: the Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. The others were the Capitoline, Quirinal, Aventine, Esquiline, Viminal, and Caelian. =XI Kal. Māiās=: the full expression would be _ante diem ūndecimum Kalendās Māiās_, April 21. “In the Roman calendar it coincided with the Palilia, or feast of Pales, the guardian divinity of shepherds.” 6. =Olympiadis=: the Greeks reckoned time by periods of four years, called Olympiads from the Olympian Games, which were celebrated at that interval. The starting point was 776 B.C. Hence the third year of the sixth Olympiad would be 753 B.C. Some prefer to recognize 754 as the date of the founding of the city. CH. 2. 8. =conditā cīvitāte=: ‘the city having been founded’ ＝ ‘when the city had been founded.’ The student should ascertain by analysis of the thought what the Ablative Absolute is intended to represent, and should translate it accordingly. The literal translation should seldom be used. _Civitate_ ＝ _urbe_, a late usage, frequent in Eutropius. The usual expression is _urbe conditā_, but Eutropius places the participle first for emphasis. =Rōmam vocāvit=: according to Lanciani, Roma is derived from _Rumon_, ‘river.’ Roma then would mean ‘the town by the river,’ and Romulus, ‘the man from the town by the river’ (_Anc. Rome_, p. 37). Mommsen claims that Ramnes, the early name by which the Romans were called, means ‘bushmen.’ Hence Roma would be ‘the town of the bushmen’ (Mommsen, _History of Rome_, Vol. I, p. 71). 9. =ferē=: ‘about,’ indicating that the statement is a loose one. 10. =centum ex seniōribus=: ‘a hundred of the elders’; _ex_ or _dē_ with cardinal numerals is regularly used instead of a Partitive Genitive. Tarquinius Priscus doubled the number of the senators, Ch. 6. Before the end of the regal period the number was increased to 300. Sulla added 300 equites. Julius Caesar raised the number to 900. Augustus reduced it to 600. For the duties of the senate see Ihne, Ch. XI; Tighe, pp. 49, 115; Mommsen, pp. 18, 19, 45, 46. 12. =uxōrēs=: object of _habērent_. Emphatic on account of its position before the subject of the verb. PAGE 8. 1. =eārum=: the antecedent is _nātiōnēs_. =commōtīs bellīs=: lit. ‘wars having been aroused’ ＝ ‘when war had been aroused’; cf. _conditā cīvitāte_, Ch. 2. =propter raptārum iniūriam=: lit. ‘on account of the wrong of the stolen (maidens)’ ＝ ‘on account of the wrong done by stealing the maidens.’ With _raptārum_ sc. _virginum_. 4. =nōn compāruisset=: lit. ‘he had not appeared’ ＝ ‘he had disappeared.’ 5. =ad deōs trānsīsse=: lit. ‘to have gone across to the gods’ ＝ ‘to have been translated.’