Familiar Talks on Science: World-Building and Life; Earth, Air and Water.Gray, Elisha
Science
Familiar Talks on Science: World-Building and Life; Earth, Air and Water.
Gray, Elisha
Science
There is a still lower cloud of course, as ordinary fog is nothing more
than cloud, which under certain conditions lies on the surface of the
ocean or dry land. Fogs prevail when the barometer is low. As soon as it
rises from the source of evaporation the moisture condenses almost to
the point of precipitation. There is not enough buoyancy in its
globules when the air is light, as it is when we have a low barometer,
to cause the fog to float into the higher regions of the atmosphere.
The high clouds, which are called cirrus, under certain conditions drop
down to where they begin to melt into ordinary moisture globules, and
while this process is going on we have a combined cloud effect which is
called cirro-stratus. This form of cloud may be recognized, when looking
off toward the horizon, by its being formed into long straight bands. It
is sometimes called thread-cloud. As it further descends it takes on a
different form called the cirro-cumulus, or curl-heap. This is just the
opposite in its appearance to the cirro-stratus, as it is broken up into
flocks of little clouds separated from each other and in the act of
changing to the form of the cumulus, or billowy form of cloud; and this
latter takes place when it drops to a still lower stratum of warmer air
and is there called the cumulo-stratus, which is the form of cloud we
most often see in the season of thunderstorms. The lower edge of the
cloud is straight, parallel with the horizon, while the upper part is
made up of great billowy masses, having high lights upon their well
defined projections and blending into darker shades caused by the
shadows in the valleys between the mountains of cloud.
The rain cloud is called the nimbus, and may be said to be the extension
of a cumulo-stratus. When it reaches this condition it is condensed to a
point where the vesicular globules collapse and a number of them run
together, forming a solid drop of water, and here it begins to fall. It
may be very small at first, but in its fall other condensed globules
will adhere to it and if the conditions are right, sometimes the rain
drops will have the diameter of a quarter of an inch by the time they
reach the earth.
Under other conditions, such as we have sometimes during dry weather,
the rain drops will start to fall, but instead of growing larger, they
grow smaller by absorption into the thirsty air, and will not be allowed
to reach the earth. Often there are showers of rain in the air that fall
to a certain distance and are taken up, as in the process of
evaporation, to again be formed into cloud, without ever having touched
the earth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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