As for the national drama, I suppose it had never before been in so wretched a state. Talfourd’s play of ‘Ion’ was produced about this time; but one good play--supposing ‘Ion’ to be a good play--is hardly enough to redeem the character of the age. There were also tragedies by Miss Mitford and Miss Baillie--strange that no woman has ever written even a tolerable play--but these failed to keep the stage. One Mr. Maturin, now dying out of recollection, also wrote tragedies. The comedies and farces were written by Planché, Reynolds, Peake, Theodore Hook, Dibdin, Leman Rede, Poole, Maddison Morton, and Moncrieff. A really popular writer, we learn with envy and astonishment, would make as much as 30_l._, or even 40_l._, by a good piece. Think of making 30_l._ or 40_l._ by a good piece at the theatre! Was not that noble encouragement for the playwrights? Thirty pounds for one piece! It takes one’s breath away. Would not Mr. Gilbert, Mr. Wills, and Mr. George Sims be proud and happy men if they could get 30_l._--a whole lump of 30_l._--for a single piece? We can imagine the tears of joy running down their cheeks. [Illustration: Charles Reade -CHARLES READE-] The decline of the drama was attributed by Räumer to the entire absence of any protection for the dramatist. This is no doubt partly true; but the dramatist was protected, to a certain extent, by the difficulty of getting copies of his work. Shorthand writers used to try--they still try--to take down, unseen, the dialogue. Generally, however, they are detected in the act and desired to withdraw. As a rule, if the dramatist did not print the plays, he was safe, except from treachery on the part of the prompter. The low prices paid for dramatic work were the chief causes of the decline--say, rather, the dreadful decay, dry rot, and galloping consumption--of the drama fifty years ago. Who, for instance, would ever expect good fiction to be produced if it was rewarded at the rate of no more than 30_l._, or even 300_l._, a novel? Great prizes are incentives for good work. Good craftsmen will no longer work if the pay is bad; or, if they work at all, they will not throw their hearts into the work. The great success of Walter Scott was the cause why Dickens, Thackeray, George Eliot, Charles Reade, and the many second-rate novelists chose fiction rather than the drama for their energies. One or two of them, Dickens and Reade, for instance, were always hankering after the stage. Had dramatists received the same treatment in England as in France, many of these writers would have seriously turned their attention to the theatre, and our modern dramatic literature would have been as rich as our work in fiction. The stage now offers a great fortune, a far greater fortune, won much more swiftly than can be got by fiction, to those who succeed. [Illustration: M. R. Mitford. -MARY RUSSELL MITFORD-]