[133] Cf., however, Isaiah xxiii. 8, “whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth.” In spite of this, Butcher, _op. cit._, p. 45, writes: “but in Bacon’s words, the end and purpose of their life was ‘the sabbathless pursuit of fortune.’” [134] Chap. iii. 4-6. [135] _Od._, XVII. 386. [136] _Od._, I. 182 ff. [137] W. Ridgeway, _The Origin of Metallic Currency_ (Cambridge, 1892), 27 ff. [138] _Il._, XXIII. 269. [139] See, however, Hogarth’s _Ionia and the East_, pp. 8, 120. A fish, the Eel, plays an important part in the attempt to determine the original home of the Indo-European family. See S. Feist, _Kultur, Ausbreitung und Herkunft der Indogermanen_ (Berlin, 1913), pp. 187, 525. [140] _Der Fischer in der antiken Litteratur_ (Aachen, 1892). [141] While the early Greeks learned much with regard to navigation from the Phœnicians, none of the Homeric nautical terms have been traced to a Phœnician source, as might have been expected in view of the large number of such terms which the English language has borrowed from the Dutch, such as _ahoy_, _boom_, _skipper_, _sloop_, etc. The French has taken from the English, _beaupré_, _cabine_, _paquebot_, etc. Seymour, p. 322. [142] “The choice of the subjects (in _The Shield of Achilles_), especially the absence of mythological subjects, the arrangement of the scenes in concentric bands, and the peculiar technique, all point to oriental, _i.e._ in the main to Phœnician and Assyrian influence. In these respects the earliest actual Greek work known to us by description, viz. The Chest of Cypselus (_c._ 700 B.C.), consisting of cedar wood, ivory, and gold, and richly adorned (according to Pausanias, V. 17) with figures in relief, holds an intermediate place between _The Shield of Achilles_ and the art of the classic period. Hence we infer that the Shield belongs to the earlier time, when (as we also learn from Homer) the Phœnicians were the great carriers between the Mediterranean countries and the East” (Monro, _Il._, XVIII). Professor Jebb (_Homer_, p. 66) ranks, in the earlier period, Phœnician lower than Phrygian influence, but the latest writer on the subject—F. Poulsen, _Der Orient und die frühgriechische Kunst_, Leipzig-Berlin, 1912—makes large claims for the influence of the Phœnicians in art. [143] Under ‘Piscator’ in _Dict. des Antiquités_ Daremberg and Saglio write: “The configuration of the country generally would naturally induce a large part of the population to seek their livelihood in fishing and fish.”