Gruels are made in the same way, only strained through a sieve. This process allows more of the starch to pass with the water. * * * * * [Sidenote: Legumes] The legumes are the seeds of peas, beans, lentils and peanuts. While they are seeds, just as the cereals are, they differ in that they contain a very much larger proportion of protein and may be substituted for meat or eggs in a diet. In all vegetarian diets the legumes should be used freely to replace the meat. All legumes must be thoroughly cooked and thoroughly masticated. Because the protein in these foods is more difficult of digestion than that in meat or eggs, particularly if not thoroughly masticated, they are better adapted for the use of men doing manual labor. Soldiers, day laborers, and others, whose work calls for physical exercise, can digest legumes, when those whose occupation is more sedentary can not do so. TABLE VIII.—LEGUMES —————————————————————+—————+———————+—————+————————+—————+—————————— Food Materials |Water|Protein|Fat |Carbo- | | | | | |hydrates|Ash |Fuel Value |Per |Per |Per |Per |Per |per pound |Cent |Cent |Cent |Cent |Cent |Calories —————————————————————+—————+———————+—————+————————+—————+—————————— Dried Legumes: | | | | | | Navy beans |12.6 | 22.5 | 1.8 | 59.6 | 3.5 | 1,605 Dried Peas | 9.5 | 24.6 | 1.0 | 62.0 | 2.9 | 1,655 Lentils | 8.4 | 25.7 | 1.0 | 59.2 | 5.7 | 1,620 Lima beans |10.4 | 18.1 | 1.5 | 65.9 | 4.1 | 1,625 Peanuts | 9.2 | 25.8 |38.6 | 24.4 | 2.0 | 2,560 Peanut butter | 2.1 | 29.3 |46.5 | 17.1 | 5.0 | 2,825 Fresh Legumes: | | | | | | Canned peas |85.3 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 9.8 | 1.1 | 255 Canned lima beans |79.5 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 14.6 | 1.6 | 360 Canned string beans|93.7 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 95 Canned baked beans |68.9 | 6.9 | 2.5 | 19.6 | 2.1 | 600 String beans |89.2 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 7.4 | 0.8 | 195 Shelled peas |74.6 | 7.0 | 0.5 | 16.9 | 1.0 | 465 —————————————————————+—————+———————+—————+————————+—————+—————————— The protein of the legumes is of the same nature as the casein of milk. It has been called vegetable casein. * * * * * =Peanuts.= While an underground vegetable, grown like potatoes, peanuts resemble nuts, inasmuch as they contain so much oil. Like other legumes, they require cooking. They are roasted because this develops the flavor.