In longitudinal radial section of some cones the sporangia appear to occupy an axillary position, but in others (_e.g._ _L. clavatum_) they are attached to the horizontal portion of the sporophyll almost midway between the axis of the cone and the upturned distal end of the sporophyll (fig. 126, D). The wall of a sporangium frequently consists of 2–3 cell-layers and in some cases (_e.g._ _L. dichotomum_), it may reach a thickness of seven layers, resembling in this respect the more bulky sporangia of a certain type of Lepidodendroid cone. The sporogenous tissue is separated from the stalk of the sporangium by a mass of parenchymatous tissue which may project as a prominent pad (fig. 126, D, F, _p_) into the interior of the sporogenous cavity. This basal tissue (the subarchesporial pad of Bower[107]) has been observed in _L. clavatum_ to send up irregular processes of sterile cells among the developing spores, suggesting a comparison with the trabeculae which form a characteristic feature of the sporangia of _Isoetes_ and with similar sterile strands noticed by Bower[108] in _Lepidostrobus_ (cone of _Lepidodendron_). Each sporophyll is supplied by a single vascular bundle which according to published statements never sends a branch to the sporangium base. The fertile tips of the foliage shoots of _L. cernuum_ (figs. 126, A–C) afford good examples of specialised cones. The surface of the cone is covered by the broadly triangular laminae of sporophylls (fig. 126, C) which in their fimbriate margins resemble the Palaeozoic cone-scales described by Dr Kidston[109] as _Lepidostrobus fimbriatus_. The distal portions of the sporophylls are prolonged downwards (fig. 126, A) to afford protection to the lower sporangia, their efficiency being increased by the lignified and thicker walls (A, _a_) of the cells in the lower portion of the laminar expansion. The cells of the sporangial wall are provided with strengthening bands which in surface-view (fig. 126, B) present the appearance of prominent pegs. Since the appearance of Miss Sykes’s paper on the sporangium-bearing organs of the Lycopodiaceae, Dr Lang[110] has published a more complete account of the structure of the strobilus of _Lycopodium cernuum_ in which he records certain features of special interest. The importance of these morphological characters is increased by their agreement, as shown by Lang, with those of the Palaeozoic cone _Spencerites_[111]. The sporophylls of a cone (12 mm. long by 3 mm. in diameter) of _Lycopodium cernuum_ show an abrupt transition from the foliage leaves, but like these they occur in alternate whorls of five. A large sporangium is attached to the upper face of each sporophyll close to the base of the obliquely vertical distal lamina (fig. 127); each sporophyll, which is supplied with a single vascular bundle, has a large mucilage-cavity (_m_) in its lower region. “The mucilaginous change” in the sub-sporangial portion of a sporophyll “extends to the surface