the seed of _Lyginodendron_ with the sporangium of any fern at present known to us’[159]. The cupule of _Lagenostoma_ has been homologised with the outer part of the integument of a recent cycadean seed[160] which, it is suggested, consists of an inner and an outer envelope that have become concrescent, and this hypothesis is supported by another author by a comparison between _Lagenostoma_ and Gnetalean seeds[161]. A comparison has also been made between the collar of a _Ginkgo_ seed and the much more conspicuous cupule of _Lagenostoma_[162]. Dr Benson and Miss Welsford[163] institute a comparison between the vascular supply of the outer integument of the ovules of _Carpinus_ and _Morus_ and that of the cupule of _Lagenostoma_, a comparison suggested by Miss Kershaw’s remarks[164] on the similarity between the vascular system of the ovules of _Myrica Gale_ and _Trigonocarpus_. In 1908 Dr Benson[165] described some germinating microspores in the pollen-chamber of another species of _Lagenostoma_, _L. ovoides_, and recognised what she believed to be antherozoids. I am indebted to this author for allowing me to make a drawing from her section (fig. 408, D). Two microspores are seen with thick outer walls showing irregular holes probably of secondary origin and not part of a regular reticulum as Dr Benson suggests. Close to the upper microspore is a hemispherical body, _s_, described as a male gamete, and a similar body is seen still enclosed by the lower microspore. It is by no means improbable that these are antherozoids: they were presumably ciliate like those of _Ginkgo_ and recent Cycads (fig. 396, M). The microspores are approximately 70μ in length and the supposed antherozoids have a maximum diameter of 45μ, the latter being about ⅔ the size of the sperms of _Microcycas_ and ⅙ the diameter of those of _Zamia_. The smaller and more delicate cells near the lower microspore (fig. 408, D) are no doubt fungal cells as Miss Benson suggests. With reference to the difficulty of determining the nature of Miss Benson’s supposed gametes it is worth calling attention to some figures given by Zopf[166] of vesicular cells and sporangia of the Phycomycetous genera _Rhizophidium_ and _Lagenidium_ in the pollen of Flowering plants and Pines. It has been suggested by Burlingame[167] that the ‘gametes’ may be prothallial cells; but this is very improbable. _Lagenostoma ovoides_ Williamson.