Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychologyMurray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Science
Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychology
Murray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Fröbel, Friedrich, 1782-1852; Psychology
It is true that to Froebel evolution is “the working of Divine Unity.”
But there seems to be no special reason why this should invalidate
what Froebel has to say, any more than Sir Oliver Lodge should be
disqualified as a scientist, because he has produced a book in which he
writes: “Development means unfolding latent possibilities … growth and
development are in accordance with the law of the universe … the law
of the universe and the will of God are here regarded as in some sort
synonymous terms.”
This is exactly Froebel’s position; he writes that
“Nature and man have their origin in one and the same eternal
Being, and their development takes place in accordance with the
same laws, only at different stages.”--_E., p. 161._
That Froebel not only recognized the presence of instinct in human
beings, but that he also saw, as Professor Wundt puts it, that this
is “determined in parts by intelligence and volition,” he states very
plainly:
“Natural instinct and good example will do much, but here,
as in all human concerns, one must proceed by extension of
knowledge, and by careful scrutiny, or both the one and the
other may mislead or be misdirected. Experience cries aloud
to us, to warn us of this danger. _Assuredly man ought not to
neglect his natural instincts, still less abandon them, but he
must ennoble them through his intelligence, purify them through
his reason._”--_L., p. 222._
“In the progress of development three stages differentiate
themselves and fall apart; and these stages are seen both in
individual men, and in the race as a whole. They are:
(1) _Unconsciousness, the merely instinctive stage_;
(2) _Vague Feeling, the tendency upwards towards
consciousness_; and
(3) _Relatively clear Conscious Intelligence_.
Everything that is acquired by a great unity, say by a family,
a community, a nation, must in its beginnings be acquired by
the single members of that unity; and further it will take
them in one of the three grades of development, either that of
mere unconsciousness, or of vague feeling, or in the third and
highest grade, that of conscious intelligence, so far as it has
been maintained by mankind up to the present time.”--(Letter to
Madame D. Lutkens, dated March, 1851.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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