The caterpillars of this insect are particularly severe in their attacks upon the foliage of cabbages and cauliflowers, though they also feed upon many other related plants, such as lettuce and radish, besides cruciferous weeds. The caterpillars of the white butterfly are not to be confused with those of the diamond-backed moth, already described. The full-grown white butterfly caterpillar is a conspicuous insect, and measures up to an inch and a-quarter in length; it is easily distinguished by its leaf-green colour and velvet-like appearance, while down the centre of the back is a narrow orange stripe, and on each side a brownish line formed of little spots. The chrysalis measures about three-quarters of an inch long, having a pointed process from the head, and a keel-like ridge on its back, while the colour varies according to the surroundings with which the chrysalis blends; it is not protected by a cocoon of silk, and may be found upon the food plant or any other support near by. The butterfly itself is a very conspicuous insect, measuring about two inches across the expanded wings. The female is of a yellowish-white colour, with darker to blackish markings at the fore-angles of the front wings, while there are two similar spots on the surface of the same wings, and one on the hind pair. The male is whitish, with a dull greyish-green or bluish hue, marked much as the female, except that there is only a single spot on the surface of each wing. The eggs (Fig. 10, 7b) are bottle-shaped, and stand erect upon the leaf surface, where they are laid singly, and not in batches; they are visible to the naked eye. The eggs hatch within a week after being laid. There are several generations each year. The cabbage butterfly can be controlled by the use of lead arsenate. It has been found effective when planting out to first dip the seedlings in lead arsenate at the rate of 1lb. in 50 gallons of water, to which 1lb. of laundry soap is added as a spreader. During the growth of the crop the same strength of arsenate and soap can be applied as a spray. MAGPIE MOTH(_Nyctemera annulata_).--One of the commonest and most conspicuous day-flying insects of the garden and field is the magpie moth. It is black in colour, relieved by an orange-banded abdomen and whitish spots on the wings, two on each of the front wings and one on each hind one. Its black, hairy caterpillars, commonly called “woolly bears,” have narrow brick-red lines along the body, and very often do some considerable damage to cinerarias; they also attack weeds, such as ragwort and groundsel.