General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
In making these researches, it will be necessary to establish one
important distinction; that is, 1st. that certain textures, as the
osseous, the muscular of animal life, &c. are precisely the same in
all the organs in which they are found, and consequently that their
diseases must be the same; 2d. that others, as the cutaneous, the
serous, the mucous, &c. experience, according to the organs to which
they belong, some variety of structure and vital properties, which
necessarily modify the general phenomena of the class of diseases
that belong to these textures; 3d. that others, as the glandular, the
muscular of organic life, &c. are very different in each organ; and
that their general symptoms and class of diseases must consequently
differ considerably.
After having shown most of the local diseases, as affecting almost
always, not an individual organ, but some texture in an organ, it
is necessary to show the differences they present according to the
textures they affect. As under each system, this subject will be
treated more or less fully, I shall only refer to it here.
We shall see, then, that pain is modified differently in each texture,
according to the degree of sensibility that it possesses. No one
excites the same sensations as the others when it is inflamed. Compare
the burning of erisypelas with the throbbing of phlegmon, the pain
of rheumatism with that of inflamed lymphatic glands, &c. We shall
see also that the sense of heat, developed in each inflamed texture,
has a particular character; here it is sharp and biting, there like
the feeling produced by fire, &c. There are two general causes that
produce a variation in the symptoms of diseases: 1st. the nature of
the affected texture; thus, as I have just said, the inflammation of
each produces a different kind of suffering. 2d. The nature of the
disease; we know that cancer, whatever texture it may affect, has a
pain that is peculiar to it; that syphilis and scurvy have also a
peculiar character, that is, however, modified in a slight degree in
each texture.
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