General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
If the injection is not pushed very far, it is confined to the
capillary system; but if it succeeds, it pours from all parts upon
the surface, where exhalation takes place in the ordinary state. This
dew mechanically produced, evidently resembles that which the tonic
force of the parts occasions during life; for, as I have said, if it
was a transudation, there would be extravasation in the neighbouring
textures, whereas nothing is filled from the syringe which propels
the injection to the exhalants that pour it out, except the arteries,
the capillaries and these exhalants. Besides, when there is active
hemorrhage, the capillaries from which arise the exhalants that pour
out the blood, are evidently more full of fluid than ordinary, as I
have already remarked.
From these considerations and many others that will be explained
hereafter in this system, I think that we may consider the exhalants as
arising from the capillary system, by means of which they are continued
with the arteries, which bring them the materials of exhalation.
But to say what is the length of these vessels, what their form, what
course they run, is evidently impossible; it is here that the imaginary
descriptions begin. We distinguish with difficulty their orifices. We
see upon the skin many little pores that evidently form communications
from within to without; but these pores transmit not only the
exhalants, but also the absorbents, the hair, &c. as we shall see in
the dermoid system. 1st. The existence of the exhalants; 2d, their
origin in the capillary system of the part where they are found; 3d,
their termination upon different surfaces, are upon the whole all that
is accurately known.
The mode of origin undoubtedly varies, but we do not know how it takes
place. The exhalants are continued with their capillary net-work, in
such a manner that we cannot say precisely where one finishes and
the others begin. Hence why often in this work, in speaking of these
small tubes, I suppose them to come immediately from the arteries,
and forming the capillaries by their interlacing; this is evidently
sufficient to understand what will be said hereafter.
II. _Division of the Exhalants._
There are three classes of exhalants which I distinguish by the fluids
or the substances they furnish.
The first class contains those that throw out the fluids not destined
to enter the economy again; such are, 1st, the cutaneous exhalants that
pour out the sweat; 2d, the mucous exhalants that furnish a part of the
pulmonary perspiration, the greatest part being formed, as I shall say,
by the dissolution of the mucous fluids of respiration, which yield
perhaps the gastric, intestinal juices, &c.
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