General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Physiologists had not hitherto collected together all the exhalations;
each was explained in treating of the system where it was found. I have
thus given reflections upon each in the exposition of the different
textures; the arrangement of the general anatomy required it; but
in works or in lectures on physiology, they ought evidently to be
presented under the same point of view as absorptions.
III. _Difference of the Exhalations._
Though we know not what is the structure of the exhalants, yet we
cannot doubt but that this structure differs remarkably in the
different systems. Observe in fact that these vessels enter, as
it were, like elements into the textures they compose, and that
consequently they must necessarily partake of the different and
distinctive characters which these textures exhibit.
It is to this difference that we must refer without doubt what we see
in injections. They go out, if they are fine, by the mucous, serous and
even cellular exhalants; but those which furnish the synovia, transmit
them with much more difficulty; it is the same in the capillary system;
whilst the serous surfaces in this system are filled with great ease,
and blackened by injections, as it were at will, the synovial surfaces
are penetrated with much more difficulty.
ARTICLE SECOND.
PROPERTIES, FUNCTIONS, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXHALANT SYSTEM.
I. _Properties._
The vessels of the exhalant system are too delicate to allow us to
analyze their properties of texture. Do they enlarge when the red
globules enter them? I am wholly ignorant. Haller, who admitted that
there were exhalants, thought that white fluids alone entered them,
because their diameter was disproportioned to that of the red globules.
This opinion is also that of the school of Boerhaave. Who has ever
measured comparatively the respective diameters of the vessels and the
particles of the fluids? All such expressions, as fine fluids, coarse
fluids, &c. which are still used by many physicians, have originated
from this theory and are still used, though the theory itself has been
admitted to be false. I have said twenty times, and I again repeat it,
that the only cause which prevents the red globules from passing into
vessels with white fluids, is the want of relation between the nature
of the fluid and the sensibility of the organ.
The properties of animal life have evidently no connexion with
the exhalants. Of those of organic life, they have in the highest
degree those of organic sensibility and the corresponding insensible
contractility; it is upon these that all their functions depend.
_Characters of the Vital Properties._
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