General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The sympathetic exhalations are extremely numerous. I shall not give
examples of them here; many may be found in the sympathies of the
dermoid, serous, mucous systems, &c. I would only observe that authors
have not sufficiently distinguished this kind of exhalations from
the others; nor has sufficient attention been paid to sympathetic
secretions.
The exhalations are never all increased or diminished at the same
time; I except however the state of excitement at the commencement
of some fevers, when all are suppressed. In every other case, when
one fluid is abundantly poured out, the others are diminished; thus
the skin is dry in dropsies. There is sweating in the first stages of
phthisis pulmonalis; but when in the latter, dropsical effusions are
considerable, sweating ceases.
I have moreover divided into two classes the causes of increased
exhalations. 1st, One of these proves an increase of life; 2d, the
other, a real diminution of the vital forces; hence active and passive
exhalations. How can the same phenomenon arise from two causes exactly
opposite? It is difficult to determine precisely; but so many phenomena
prove this distinction of exhalations as well as secretions, that we
cannot refuse to admit it. It is important to recollect this in the
following article.
III. _Of Preternatural Exhalations._
I call by this name those, in which the exhalants pour out a fluid
different from that which is natural to them. The first which offers is
that of the blood.
_Sanguineous Exhalation._
The blood frequently passes off by the exhalants instead of their own
fluids; hence arise hemorrhages very different from those that take
place from rupture. I shall examine these hemorrhages in each kind of
exhalants.
_Hemorrhage of the Excrementitious Exhalants._
The vulgar expression which is sometimes used, to sweat blood and
water, &c. indicates that under certain circumstances, though they
are very rare, the cutaneous exhalants give passage to the blood.
Haller has collected a number of instances of it, that may be found in
his work. The first year that I came to Paris, I saw constantly with
Desault, a woman with a cancer of the womb, who had at certain periods
sweats that stained her clothes as much as is ordinarily done by the
catamenia. This woman had had frequent hemorrhages before the beginning
of her disease. After these sweats commenced, they had continued but
were more rare. I regret that I neglected to collect the particulars of
this singular fact.
No exhalants pour out blood more frequently than the mucous; so that
hemorrhages are an affection almost characteristic of the mucous
surfaces, in which they have different names, according to the portion
of them that are attacked. It is not my object to present here the
phenomena of these hemorrhages; I only wish to prove that they are an
exhalation.
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