Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the AnarchyRound, John Horace
History
Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the Anarchy
Round, John Horace
Great Britain -- History -- Stephen, 1135-1154; Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, -1144
Within a few days of her reception at Winchester, she retraced her steps
as far as Wilton, where it was arranged that she should meet the
primate, with whom were certain bishops and some lay folk.[205]
Theobald, however, professed himself unable to render her homage until
he had received from the king his gracious permission to do so.[206] For
this purpose he went on to Bristol, while the Empress made her way to
Oxford, and there spent Easter (March 30th).[207] We must probably
assign to this occasion her admission to Oxford by Robert d'Oilli.[208]
The Continuator, indeed, assigns it to May, and in this he is followed
by modern historians. Mr. Freeman, for instance, on his authority,
places the incident at that stage,[209] and so does Mr. Franck
Bright.[210]
But the movements of the Empress, at this stage, are really difficult to
determine. Between her presence at Oxford (March 30)[211] and her
presence at Reading (May 5-7),[212] we know nothing for certain. One
would imagine that she must have attended her own election at Winchester
(April 7, 8), but the chroniclers are silent on the subject, though
they, surely, would have mentioned her presence. On the whole, it seems
most probable that the Continuator must be in error, when he places the
adhesion of Robert d'Oilli so late as May (at Reading) and takes the
Empress subsequently to Oxford, as if for the first time.
It was, doubtless, through her "brother" Robert "fitz Edith" that his
step-father, Robert d'Oilli, was thus won over to her cause. It should
be noted that his defection from the captive king is pointedly mentioned
by the author of the _Gesta_, even before that of the Bishop of
Winchester, thus further confirming the chronology advanced above.[213]
At Oxford she received the submission of all the adjacent country,[214]
and also executed an important charter. This charter Mr. Birch has
printed, having apparently collated for the purpose no less than five
copies.[215] Its special interest is derived from the fact that not only
is it the earliest charter she is known to have issued after Stephen's
fall (with the probable exception of that to Thurstan de Montfort), but
it is also the only one of her charters in which we find the royal
phrases "ecclesiarum _regni mei_" and "pertinentibus _coronæ meæ_." Mr.
Birch writes of its testing-clause ("Apud Oxeneford Anno ab Incarnatione
Domini MC. quatragesimo"):
The date of this charter is very interesting, because it is the only
example of an actual date calculated by expression of the years of the
Incarnation, which occurs among the entire series which I have been
able to collect.... Now, as the historical year in these times
commenced on the 25th of March, there is no doubt but that this charter
was granted to the Abbey of Hulme at some time between the 3rd and the
25th of March, A.D. 1140-41.[216]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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