Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the AnarchyRound, John Horace
History
Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the Anarchy
Round, John Horace
Great Britain -- History -- Stephen, 1135-1154; Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, -1144
The Assembly at Winchester took place, as has been said, on the 7th and
8th of April. William of Malmesbury was present on the occasion, and
states that it was attended by the primate "and all the bishops of
England."[220] This latter phrase may, however, be questioned, in the
light of subsequent charter evidence.
The proceedings of this council have been well described, and are so
familiar that I need not repeat them. On the 7th was the private
conclave; on the 8th, the public assembly. I am tempted just to mention
the curiously modern incident of the legate (who presided) commencing
the proceedings by reading out the letters of apology from those who had
been summoned but were unable to be present.[221] On the 8th the legate
announced to the Assembly the result of the previous day's conclave:—
"filiam pacifici regis ... in Angliæ Normanniæque dominam eligimus, et
ei fidem et manutenementum promittimus."[222]
On the 9th, the deputation summoned from London arrived and was informed
of the decision; on the 10th the assembly was dissolved.
The point I shall here select for discussion is the meaning of the term
"domina Angliæ," and the effect of this election on the position of the
Empress.
First, as to the term "domina Angliæ." Its territorial character must
not be overlooked. In the charters of the Empress, her style "Ang'
domina" becomes occasionally, though very rarely, "Anglor' domina,"
proving that its right extension is "Angl_orum_ Domina," which differs,
as we have seen, from the chroniclers' phrase. The importance of the
distinction is this. "Rex" is royal and national; "dominus" is feudal
and territorial. We should expect, then, the first to be followed by the
nation ("Anglorum"), the second by the territory ("Angliæ"). But, in
addition to its normal feudal character, the term may here bear a
special meaning.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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