The eruptions vary in color in accordance with the mixture of the
different humors with the corrupt blood. Hence some are light colored,
some the color of saffron, some red, some green, some livid, some
black, and the virulence of the disease is the greater, the nearer
the color approaches to black. There are, too, four varieties of the
eruption, distinguished by special names. When the eruption is light
colored and tends to suppuration, it is called _scora_. When it
is very fine and red, it is called _morbilli_ or _veterana_. The
distinction between _variolae_ and _morbilli_ is in the form and
matter of the disease, for in _variolae_ the pustules are large and
the matter bilious (_colerica_), while in morbilli the eruption is
smaller and does not penetrate the skin (_non-pertransit cutem_).
_Variolae_, on the contrary, forms a prominent pustule (_facit
eminentiam_). A third form of the disease displays only four or five
large, black pustules on the whole body, and this form is the most
dangerous, since it is due to an unnatural black bile, or to acute
fevers, in which the humors are consumed. This variety bears the name
of _pustula_. A fourth form is called _lenticula_. This latter form
occurs sometimes with fever, like synocha, sometimes without fever,
and it arises from pestilential air or corrupt food, or from sitting
near a patient suffering from the disease, the exhalations of which
are infectious.
The premonitory symptoms of _variolae_ are a high fever, redness of
the eyes, pain in the throat and chest, cough, itching of the nose,
sneezing and pricking sensations over the surface of the body.
_Morbilli_ is a mild disease, but requires protection from cold, which
confines and coagulates the peccant matter.
Attention is directed to the not infrequent ulcers of the eyes, which
occur in _variolae_ and may destroy the sight; also to ulcerations
of the nose, throat, oesophagus, lungs and intestines, the latter of
which often produce a dangerous diarrhoea.
When _variolae_ occurs in boys, it is recommended to tie the hands of
the patient to prevent scratching.
Whey is said to be an excellent drink for developing the eruption of
_variolae_, and the time-honored saffron (_crocus_) appears in several
of Gilbert's prescriptions for this disease. Here, too, we find
the earliest mention of the use of red colors in the treatment of
_variolae_ (f. 348 c):
"_Vetule provinciales dant purpuram combustam in potu, habet enim
occultam naturam curandi variolas. Similiter pannus tinctus de
grano._"
Acid and saline articles of food should be avoided, sweets used
freely, and the patients should be carefully guarded from cold.
Not the least interesting pages of the Compendium are those (there are
about twenty of them) devoted to the discussion of poisons, poisoned
wounds and hydrophobia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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