The dimensions of glacière caves vary greatly. Some are large, others
are small. Saint Georges, a roofed pit cave, is some twenty-five
meters by twelve meters, with a depth of about twelve meters.
Chaux-les-Passavant, a cave at the end of a pit tunnel, has a diameter
of some twenty-seven meters. The measures of Dóbsina, a cave at the
bottom of a cliff, are given as follows: Height of roof above ice
floor, 10 to 11 meters; length 120 meters; breadth, 35 to 60 meters,
and surface about 4644 meters. The Frauenmauerhöhle is a gallery about
one hundred meters long before the ice floor is reached, and this is
some fifty meters more in length by about seven meters in width. The
glacière cave near Frain, on the contrary, is so small that one can
only crawl in some two or three meters. In fact, glacière caves vary in
size between great halls and little tunnels where one cannot stand up
straight.
The entrances of glacière caves also vary greatly in their dimensions.
For instance, the Friedrichsteinerhöhle is on one side of a huge pit
and is as large and deep as the pit. Saint Georges, on the contrary,
has, near one end of the roof, a couple of holes, some three meters in
diameter. The entrance to the Schafloch is four meters wide by four
meters seventy centimeters high, while the entrance to Roth is not over
one meter each way.
A classification of subterranean ice formations, and one which applies
to all the different forms, is into permanent and periodic glacières.
When in any underground spot, ice remains throughout the year, the
place may be called a permanent glacière; when on the contrary the ice
melts away for part of the year, the place may be called a periodic
glacière. This classification, which several observers have used
already, is convenient and valuable.
_Movements of Air._--Another classification of glacières can be made
in accordance with the movements of air underground. Glacières may be
divided into those where there are no strong draughts in summer and
those where there are draughts: or into "apparently static caves"; and
"dynamic caves" or "windholes." The first class includes those caves
where there is one or more openings close together and those above the
body of the cave. In such hollows the air in summer is nearly still,
while in winter there are distinct rotary movements of the air as
soon as the temperature outside is lower than that within. Almost all
glacière caves belong to this class of caves without strong draughts
in summer. Sometimes, however, ice is found in hollows where there are
two or more openings, at different altitudes and at different ends of
the hollow, and where there are draughts. Occasionally, also, there are
fissures in the sides or rear of apparently static caves, which allow
something like draughts at times, as is the case at the Grand Cave de
Montarquis.
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