Besides building up ice heaps, the drip, also, has the function of
destroying its own creations. If there are no crevasses, there are
holes and runnels. These are generally found at or leading to the
lowest point of the ice floor. Occasionally the holes are deep,
sometimes many meters in depth. They are certainly cut out by the
melting water, to which they offer an exit; in fact they are a part of
the drainage system present in all glacière caves, where there must be
some outlet for surplus water at or near the lowest point: and as the
caves are always in porous or broken rock, the drainage takes place
through the cracks and fissures.
The drip produces also the exact opposite of pyramids in the shape of
ice basins. These are cut in the floor by an extra strong drip from
the roof at those spots. Basins exactly like these are not seen on
glaciers. Not infrequently they are full of water of considerable depth.
Lakes and pools are found in glacière caves. Sometimes they are on
the ice floor, and in this case they are due either to rain-water
collecting faster than it can flow off, or else because the cave is in
a state of thaw. Sometimes these pools are among the rocks in one part
of a cave, while the ice is in another part.
I have said above that motion in subterranean ice is practically
wanting. This is proved by the lack of crevasses on the ice slopes
or ice walls, and also by the fact that basins and cones appear year
after year in the same spots, where they remain whether they are
increasing or diminishing. But this statement cannot be held to cover
the entrance snow and ice slopes of some of the open pit caves such as
the Gottscheer cave, or Saint-Livres or Haut d'Aviernoz. Here the snow,
which falls on the entrance slope, must gradually gravitate to the
bottom. The question is whether it only descends in the shape of water
after melting or as snow before solidifying; or whether it ever slides
down at all after becoming somewhat solidified. Probably, however, the
ice of these slopes, judging from the fact that crevasses are entirely
lacking, remains stationary.
_Color Effects._--The color effect of every glacière cavern has a
certain individuality, according to the color of the rocks, the
quantity of ice, and the amount of daylight admitted through the
entrance. In my opinion, the white note given by the ice, makes a fine
glacière cave the most beautiful of all subterranean hollows. In this
respect it seems to me that they are similar to high Alps, which are
certainly most impressive with coverings of snow and glacier.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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