He showed us a row of long troughs outside the walls to which his Indian workmen had come twice a day for their rations of wheat porridge. "They scooped it out with their hands," he told us, "like animals." Also he pointed out the council circle beneath the trees where he used to meet the Indians. He had great influence with the surrounding tribes; and had always managed to live peacefully with them. "But that is passing," said he. "The American miners, quite naturally, treat them as men; and they are really children. It makes misunderstanding, and bloodshed, and reprisals. The era of good feeling is about over. They still trust me, however, and will work for me." Don Gaspar here excused himself on the ground of business, promising to rejoin us later. "That trouble will come upon us next," said Captain Sutter, nodding after the Spaniard's retreating form. "It is already beginning. The Californians hold vast quantities of land with which they do almost nothing. A numerous and energetic race is coming; and it will require room. There is conflict there. And their titles are mixed; very mixed. It will behoove a man to hold a very clear title when the time comes." "Your own titles are doubtless clear and strong," suggested Johnny. "None better. My grant here came directly from the Mexican government itself." The Captain paused to chuckle, "I suspect that the reason it was given me so freely was political--there existed at that time a desire to break up the power of the Missions; and the establishment of rival colonies on a large scale would help to do that. The government evidently thought me competent to undertake the opening of this new country." "Your grant is a large one?" surmised Johnny. "Sixty miles by about twelve," said Captain Sutter. We had by now finished our inspection, and stood by the southern gate. "I am sorry," said Captain Sutter, "that I am not in a position to offer you hospitality. My own residence is at a farm on the Feather River. This fort, as no doubt you are aware, I have sold to the traders. In the changed conditions it is no longer necessary to me." "Do you not regret the changed conditions?" asked Johnny after a moment. "I can imagine the interest in building a new community--all these industries, the training of the Indians to work, the growing of crops, the raising of cattle." "One may regret changed conditions; but one cannot prevent their changing," said Captain Sutter in his even, placid manner. "The old condition was a very pleasant dream; this is a reality." We walked back through the enclosure. Our companion was greeted on all sides with the greatest respect and affection. To all he responded with benign but unapproachable dignity. From the vociferating group he called the trader, McClellan, to whom he introduced us, all three, with urbane formality.