Grasses : $b A handbook for use in the field and laboratoryWard, H. Marshall (Harry Marshall)
Science
Grasses : $b A handbook for use in the field and laboratory
Ward, H. Marshall (Harry Marshall)
Grasses
I. THE CHLOROPHYLL-TISSUE, ON TRANSVERSE SECTIONS, IS ARRANGED IN
RINGS ROUND THE VASCULAR BUNDLES. THERE ARE MOTOR-CELLS BETWEEN THE
RIBS, AND THE STOMATA ARE SUNK AND OCCUR ON BOTH FACES.
_Cynodon Dactylon._ The larger lateral nerves have as a rule three
smaller ones between each pair, hardly projecting as ribs. Chlorophyll
chiefly in a ring round the vascular bundle. Long hairs on lower
surface, a few papillæ above. Motor-cells in each shallow furrow. Short
cells occur between the long epidermal cells over the bast-region.
The Panicums also come here, and differ according to the disposition
of the sclerenchyma sheaths around the bundles.
II. THE CHLOROPHYLL-TISSUE IS BETWEEN THE VASCULAR BUNDLES, AND NOT
CONFINED TO RINGS SURROUNDING THEM.
+A. Conspicuous lacunæ between the vascular bundles. Stomata on both
faces. Motor-cells occur.+
Lacunæ large and rectangular. Motor-cells confined to a flanking line
on each side of the mid-rib.
_Glyceria aquatica._ Leaves folded and in section +V+-shaped, hardly
keeled, with sclerenchyma at apex. Motor-cells each side of the mid-rib
only. The large square or rectangular lacunæ bounded by stellate cells.
Papillæ on epidermal cells. Vascular bundles midway between upper and
lower surfaces.
_Glyceria fluitans._ Section +V+-shaped and keeled, the roof of
each polygonal lacuna arched, hence the “ribs” on the upper surface
are between the vascular bundles. The latter lie nearer the lower
epidermis. The epidermis has papillæ.
_Catabrosa aquatica_ and _Hierochloe_ also come here, the former with
small lacunæ, the latter with larger ones chiefly towards the upper
surface of the leaf.
_Digraphis_ is also apt to have a few air cavities near the mid-rib.
+B. Lacunæ none, or inconspicuous, the chlorophyll-tissue filling up
between the ribs.+
(_a_) Upper and lower leaf-surfaces parallel, or nearly so, and much
alike, the ridges being very low or obsolete. Stomata equal or
nearly so on both surfaces.
(1) Motor-cells absent; vascular bundles feeble and very few.
_Mibora verna._ The small leaves are flat, or nearly so, and have
three isolated and very feebly developed bundles, devoid of girders or
sclerenchyma bands.
(2) Motor-cells present, vascular bundles of various orders, with
sclerenchyma bands or girders.
* _Leaf keeled, and folded--not inrolled. Motor-cells confined
to the neighbourhood of the mid-rib. No hairs._
† _Motor-cells conspicuous and conjoined into a band above the
mid-rib._
_Dactylis glomerata._ Keel pronounced, with one large vascular bundle
and a sclerenchyma band occupying its crest. Motor-cells forming one
conjoint band along the upper course of the mid-rib only. Stomata on
both faces, but no hairs or thick cuticle. Ribs low, and all bundles
have feeble girders. A little sclerenchyma at the margins. A few pale
cells in the chlorophyll-tissue.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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