_Brachypodium pinnatum._ Smooth. Ridges rounded. Hairs rare. The strong sclerenchyma girders below almost continuous laterally. Epidermal cells with sinuous thick walls, and a few tooth-hairs. Note the differences from _B. sylvaticum_, p. 76. _Melica nutans_, _M. uniflora_, and _Calamagrostis Epigeios_ also come here. ⊙⊙ _Motor-cells confined to the innermost 2-4 furrows. Sclerenchyma in a continuous band just inside the thick cuticle below._ _Festuca duriuscula._ The ridges are only about half to one-third as high again as the thickness between, and the motor-cells in four series at the base of the three innermost ridges. Each ridge has only one isolated sheathed bundle, without girders. Stomata on the flanks of the ridges, and few in number. The sclerenchyma forms a thick band just inside the strong cuticle below. The leaf is conduplicate, not convolute. This applies particularly to the more open leaves: the subulate leaves belong to the next type (see Fig. 27). _Aira canescens_ and _Spartina stricta_ also come here. _Psamma arenaria._ Inrolled. Smooth below and devoid of keel, with sub-epidermal band of sclerenchyma, and similar tissue at the margin. Ridges of three sizes, the largest twice or three times as high as the leaf-tissue between is thick, all rounded above, and very hairy. Stomata above only. Motor-cells in each sinus not large. Vascular bundles isolated, without girders or bands of sclerenchyma. _Elymus_ is very like _Psamma_, but has a few stomata below and the sub-epidermal sclerenchyma is not continuous (see Fig. 25). ** _Leaves (subulate) not opening out, the upper surface represented by a groove or a few ridges above the angular or ovate solid section._ ⊙ _Section pentagonal or angular-ovate: sclerenchyma below in a continuous band._ _Aira flexuosa._ Upper surface a depression, with one ridge flanked by two grooves at its base, the depression extending about one-fifth through the whole thickness of the nearly solid leaf. Vascular bundles about 3-5, isolated, sheathed. Sclerenchyma band extending all round the lower surface just inside the thick cuticle. Stomata very few, flanking the ridge; motor-cells in the furrows, poorly developed (Fig. 28). ⊙⊙ _Section elliptical or angular-ovate; sclerenchyma not always in a continuous band below._ _Festuca ovina._ Upper surface a deep fold, with three ridges and 2-4 grooves at its base. Vascular bundles several, with girders. Motor-cells in four series, in the grooves. The lower girders may not fuse laterally into a continuous band of sclerenchyma below (Fig. 18). The folded lower leaves of _F. rubra_ and _F. heterophylla_ come here also. For the flatter leaves of _F. duriuscula_ see p. 78 and compare Fig. 27. The epidermal cells in this series have sinuous thickened walls, and here and there small tooth-like hairs.