Grave-mounds and Their Contents: A Manual of Archæology, as Exemplified in the Burials of the Celtic, the Romano-British, and the Anglo-Saxon PeriodsJewitt, Llewellynn Frederick William
History
Grave-mounds and Their Contents: A Manual of Archæology, as Exemplified in the Burials of the Celtic, the Romano-British, and the Anglo-Saxon Periods
Jewitt, Llewellynn Frederick William
Great Britain -- Antiquities; Megalithic monuments -- Great Britain; Mounds -- Great Britain
The implements of stone found in the Celtic grave-mounds, or in their
immediate neighbourhood, consist of celts[28] or adzes, hammer-heads
or axe-heads, mauls, etc., etc. They are of various materials--chert,
shale, green-stone, syenite, basalt, porphyry, felstone, serpentine,
sandstone, limestone, etc., etc., and of various degrees of finish and
workmanship.
Stone celts of one form or other are the most common of all stone
implements. In shape they are not inaptly described as being like the
mussel shell. The lower, or cutting end is slightly convex, and rubbed
down to a fine-shaped edge. As this cutting edge has become dulled or
chipped by use it has been again and again rubbed down and sharpened,
until, in many instances which have come under my notice, the celt has
been shortened fully one-third or more of its original length. The
forms of these instruments will be seen in the examples here following
(fig. 127 and in the succeeding figures). Fig. 132 is, perhaps, the
most usual of these forms. It is of the same type as the first example
on the previous engraving. Another excellent example is given on the
illustration (fig. 134). It is of chert, and has, as will be seen,
straight sides instead of the usual curved ones. It is now 5½ inches
long, but has probably originally been much longer, having been rubbed
down in sharpening.
[Illustration: Fig. 127.]
[Illustration: Fig. 128.]
[Illustration: Fig. 129.]
[Illustration: Fig. 130.]
[Illustration: Fig. 131.]
[Illustration: Fig. 132.]
[Illustration: Fig. 133.]
[Illustration: Fig. 134.]
[Illustration: Fig. 135.]
[Illustration: Fig. 136.]
[Illustration: Fig. 137.]
[Illustration: Fig. 138.]
[Illustration: Fig. 139.]
[Illustration: Fig. 140.]
[Illustration: Fig. 141.]
[Illustration: Fig. 142.]
Stone hammers are occasionally found in grave-mounds. They vary much
both in form and size, as will be best understood from the following
engravings. Fig. 133 was found at Woolaton, and is remarkable for
being hollow on its upper and lower surfaces, and ribbed or fluted
along its sides. It is eleven inches[29] long, four inches in width,
and three inches in thickness. Fig. 135, found at Winster, is thin,
very taper, and of very different form. It is ten inches long. Other
examples are shown in figs. 136 and 137. Occasionally they partake
more of the hatchet shape. A good example is fig. 138, and others of
still more elaborate form have occasionally been discovered. Examples
of another variety, generally called mauls, which partake more of the
common mallet form, are here given on figs. 139, 140, and 141. The
first is from Horsley, Derbyshire, and the other two are from Ireland.
A different variety (named punches or cutters) is shown on fig. 142,
which was found at Mickleover.
[Illustration: Fig. 143.]
[Illustration: Fig. 144.]
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