Only rarely, when the monsters are ritualistically engaged in watering
a sacred palm tree or column,[74.3] does the religious question
arise. And here we may find a parallelism in Assyrian religious art,
in the representation of “winged genii fertilising the adult palms
with the male cones”; but according to Sir Arthur Evans this motive is
later in the Eastern art than in the Mycenaean. Perhaps only one type
of monster found on these gems and seals is derived from a real
theriomorphic figure of the contemporary religion, namely, the
Minotaur {75} type. A few of the Zakro sealings show the sealed figure
of a human body with bovine head, ears, and tail[75.1]; and a clay
seal-impression found at Knossos presents a bovine human figure with
possibly a bovine head sealed in a hieratic attitude before a warrior
in armour.[75.2] Such archaeological evidence is precarious, but when
we compare it with the indigenous Cretan legends of the bull-Zeus and
the union of Pasiphae with the bull, we are tempted to believe that a
bull-headed god or a wholly bovine deity had once a place in Minoan
cult.
To conclude, this brief survey of the Minoan-Mycenaean monuments
points to a contemporary religion that preferred the aniconic agalma
to the human idol, but imagined the divinity mainly as
anthropomorphic, though this imagination was probably not so fixed as
to discard the theriomorphic type entirely. Therefore this religion is
on the same plane with that of Mesopotamia rather than with that of
Egypt.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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