1906 1910 Asphalt workers 320 350 Teamsters 300 400 Rock-drillers and tool sharpeners 250 240 Cigar makers 121 165 Bricklayers 90 21 Waiters 90 not obtainable Carpenters 60 40 Plasterers 45 19 Double drum hoisters 30 37 Safety and portable engineers 26 35 Eccentric firemen 15 0 Letter carriers 10 30 Pressmen 10 not obtainable Printers 6 8 Butchers 3 3 Lathers 3 7 Painters 3 not obtainable Coopers 1 2 Sheet metal workers 1 1 Rockmen 1 not obtainable ---- ---- Total 1385 1358 The large number of bricklayers in 1906 is questioned by the man, himself a bricklayer, who made the second counting. However, the number greatly decreased in 1908 when the stagnation in business compelled many men to seek work in other cities. [8] The comment of the Negro bricklayer who secured my figures is important. "A Negro," he says, "has to be extra fit in his trade to retain his membership, as the eyes of all the other workers are watching every opportunity to disqualify him, thereby compelling a superefficiency. Yet at all times he is the last to come and the first to go on the job, necessitating his seeking other work for a living, and keeping up his card being but a matter of sentiment. While all the skilled trades seem willing to accept the Negro with his travelling card, yet there are some which utterly refuse him; for instance, the house smiths and bridge men who will not recognize him at all. While membership in the union is necessary to work, yet the hardest part of the battle is to secure employment. In some instances intercession has been made by various organizations interested in his industrial progress for employment at the offices of various companies, and favorable answers are given, but hostile foremen with discretionary power carry out their instructions in such a manner as to render his employment of such short duration that he is very little benefited. Of course, there are some contractors who are very friendly to a few men, and whenever any work is done by them, they are certain of employment. Unfortunately, these are too few." [9] R. R. Wright, Jr.'s "Migration of Negroes to the North," Annals of the American Academy, May, 1906.