Prefixes, Suffixes, and Self-explaining Compounds.--The English tongue lost much of its power of using prefixes. A prefix joined to a well-known word changes its meaning and renders the coining of a new term unnecessary. The Anglo-Saxons, by the use of prefixes, formed ten compounds from their verb _fl=owan_, "to flow." Of these, only one survives in our "overflow." From _sittan_, "to sit," thirteen compounds were thus formed, but every one has perished. A larger percentage of suffixes was retained, and we still have many words like "wholesome-ness," "child-hood," "sing-er." The power of forming self-explaining compounds was largely lost. The Saxon compounded the words for "tree," and "worker," and said _tr=eow-wyrhta_, "tree-wright," but we now make use of the single word "carpenter." We have replaced the Saxon _b=oc-craeft_, "book-art," by "literature"; _=aefen-gl=om_, "evening-gloom," by "twilight"; mere-sw=in, "sea-swine," by "porpoise"; _=eag-wraec_, "eye-rack," by "pain in the eye"; _leornung-cild_, "learning-child," by "pupil." The title of an old work, _Ayen-bite of In-wit_, "Again-bite of In-wit," was translated into "Remorse of Conscience." _Grund-weall_ and _word-hora_ were displaced by "foundation" and "vocabulary." The German language still retains this power and calls a glove a "hand-shoe," a thimble a "finger-hat," and rolls up such clumsy compound expressions as _Unabhängigkeits-erklärung_. We might lament this loss more if we did not remember that Shakespeare found our language ample for his needs, and that a considerable number of the old compounds still survive, as _home-stead, man-hood, in-sight, break-fast, house-hold, horse-back, ship-man, sea-shore, hand-work_, and _day-light_. Introduction of New Words and Loss of Old Ones.--Since the Normans were for some time the governing race, while many of the Saxons occupied comparatively menial positions, numerous French words indicative of rank, power, science, luxury, and fashion were introduced. Many titles were derived from a French source. English thus obtained words like "sovereign," "royalty," "duke," "marquis," "mayor," and "clerk." Many terms of government are from the French; for instance, "parliament," "peers," "commons." The language of law abounds in French terms, like "damage," "trespass," "circuit," "judge," "jury," "verdict," "sentence," "counsel," "prisoner." Many words used in war, architecture, and medicine also have a French origin. Examples are "fort," "arch," "mason," "surgery." In fact, we find words from the French in almost every field. "Uncle" and "cousin," "rabbit" and "falcon," "trot" and "stable," "money" and "soldier," "reason" and "virtue," "Bible" and "preach," are instances in point.