=Meat.=—Sound fresh meat is pale red when first cut, the surface after exposure turning to a deep red. The meat of animals that have died a natural death is of a deep purple color, not having been bled. The greatest danger in meat, however, is that due to the presence of trichinæ, which are killed by a temperature of 160° Fahr. All forms of pork should therefore be cooked thoroughly before eating. (Chester.) Poisoning (vomiting, cramps, and diarrhœa) produced by meat is generally caused by some kind of preserved meat (sausages, pickled meats, etc.), and is probably due to the presence of fungi. =Milk.=—Frauds consist generally in adding water or removing fat (skimming). As the milk of healthy cows varies in composition within certain limits, it is necessary to have a standard of purity, which has been fixed upon in New York as follows: Nearly 1,000 cows have been examined, with reference to the specific gravity of their milk, in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. The maximum specific gravity was 1.039 in milk of an Alderney cow. The minimum for normal milk from a healthy cow was 1.029. The specific gravity is determined by an instrument called a lactometer, on which 0 stands for 1,000, the specific gravity of water, and 100 for 1,029, that of the poorest milk from a healthy cow. The composition of such milk, adopted by the English Society of Public Analysts and the New York City Board of Health, as a result of fifty analyses, is as follows: Fat 2.5 Solids, not fat (sugar, salt, etc.) 9.0 Water 88.5 ——- 100.0 =Method of using the Lactometer.=—Put the milk in a vessel so deep that the lactometer, when introduced and allowed to float, shall not touch the bottom. Notice the reading of the scale at the surface of the milk. If it is less than 100, it gives the percentage of milk in the sample. For example, if the reading be 80, the sample contains 80 per cent of milk and 20 per cent of water. =Sources of Error.=—Milk very rich in cream may possibly, though not probably, register less than 100, but its very appearance will show that it has not been thinned by water or by skimming. Skimmed milk, especially if a little salt has been added, may register high above 100, but its thinness and blueness will show that it has been doctored. Condensed milk was carefully analyzed, and found to be unobjectionable. (C. E. Munsell, Ph. D.) =Olive-Oil.=—Often adulterated with poppy, cotton-seed, ground or peanut, sesame, rape-seed, colza or beechnut oil, all harmless. Sixteen samples; nine adulterated. (Caldwell.) =Pickles.=—Nine samples. None contained copper or any other metal. The only sample that possessed a suspiciously green appearance was found to contain alum. (Lattimore.) =Rum.=—Twenty-five samples. No objectionable additions found. (Engelhardt.)