[8] A much earlier and well-known English traveler calls Smyrna “the lovely, the crown of Ionia, the ornament of Asia.” (See _Travels in Asia Minor and Greece_, by Richard Chandler, ed. N. Revett, vol. I., p. 73, ed. 1825.) [9] See Gaston Deschamps, _Sur les routes d’Asie_, 1894, p. 152. [10] Das Griechentum Kleinasiens, von Dr. Karl Dieterich, in _Länder und Völker der Türkei_ (Schriften des Deutschen Vorderasienkomitees, herausgegeben von Dr. jur. et phil. Hugo Grothe, Leipzig, 1915). [11] A political treatment of the “Greek Question” was presented in a pamphlet of the Vorderasienkomitee, under the title, _Die asiatische Türkei und die deutschen Interessen_, Leipzig, 1913, S. 23-26. [12] The successors of Alexander the Great. [13] So Michael Psellus (11th-12th century) of Nicomedia, Michael Attaliates (11th century) from Attalia in Pamphylia, Nicetas Acominatos (12th-13th century) from Phrygia, Georgius Pachymeres (13th-14th century) of Nicæa; Nicephoros Gregoras (14th century) from Pontus. The two latter are, also, our chief source of information about the invasion of Asia Minor by the Turks. Cf. K. Krumbacher, _Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur_, 2, München, 1897, §§ 126 and 128. [14] Cf. J. Strzygowski, _Kleinasien, ein Neuland der Kunstgeschichte_, Leipzig, 1903. [15] K. Krumbacher, _Gesch. der byzantin. Litteratur_, 2, § 358. [16] Cf. Von der Goltz, _Anatol. Ausflüge_, Berlin (1896), S. 70 ff. [17] As to the type of the Anatolian Turks, see L. Heermann, _Rückerinnerungen aus dem Orient_ (Aschaffenburg, 1886, S. 13, 126); A. Philippson, _Das Mittelmeergebiet_, 2, (Leipzig, 1906, S. 197); H. Gelzer, _Geistliches und Weltliches aus dem griechisch-türkischen Orient_ (Leipzig, 1900, S. 185); R. Fitzner, _Anatolien_ (Leipzig, 1902, S. 19). [18] On these old Church Acts is based the instructive investigation of A. Waechter, _Der Verfall des Griechenthums in Kleinasien im 14. Jhd._, Leipzig, 1903. [19] TRANSLATOR’S NOTE: There are at present twenty-two Metropolitans in Asia Minor, or better, including that of Tarsus and Adana, which is under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Antioch, twenty-three. [20] On the question of the racial characteristics of the Greeks of Asia Minor, cf. A. von Luschan, _Verhandlungen d. Gesellsch. f. Erdkde. zu Berlin_, 15 (1888), S. 47-60; _Archiv f. Anthropol._, 19 (1889-90), S. 31-53; _L’Anthropologie_, I., p. 679 ff., II., p. 25 f. [21] Specimens of the Pontic and Cappadocian dialects of today are to be found in A. Thumb’s _Handbuch der neugriechischen Volkssprache_, 2 (Strassburg, 1910), S. 294-298. Grothe, in his treatise, _Meine Vorderasienexpedition 1906 u. 1907_, Bd. II., S. 175, calls attention to the dialect of the Greeks of Farash in the southern Antitaurus. [22] Exact statistics as to the number of Greeks in Cappadocia are given by R. M. Dawkins, in the _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, 30 (1910), pp. 109-132, 267-291.