Heraldry as art: An account of its development and practice, chiefly in EnglandEve, G. W. (George William)
History
Heraldry as art: An account of its development and practice, chiefly in England
Eve, G. W. (George William)
Heraldry -- Great Britain
The Harpy of classic story appears in heraldry in the shapes of eagles
with the faces and breasts of women, and this appears to have been the
only figure, with one exception, which combines the human form with
that of a bird, for the bird-headed beings of the Assyrian bas-reliefs
and other forms of Eastern art were not among those adopted into
our heraldry, though there are a few instances in German work. The
exceptions are the swans with women’s faces that in the fourteenth
century decorated some of the hallings, of hangings of tapestry or
embroidery, as especially emphasized versions of the chivalric symbol
of womanhood that the swan was considered to be. For this reason it was
adopted as a badge at a time which assiduously fashioned its manners
after the traditionary chivalry of King Arthur and his knights, and
when every kind of poetic and symbolic heraldry reached its fullest
development.
FISH.--Of heraldic fish the Dolphin may perhaps be considered the most
distinguished, mainly from its association in former times with the
heir to the throne of France; but it is occasionally met with in our
heraldry, generally perhaps as typical of fish in general, as in the
arms of the Fishmongers Company of London. It is represented with its
body curved, and is then said to be _embowed_, and it also occurs in
the other position referred to below. When it is blazoned _proper_ its
colour, heraldically, is green with red fins and tail.
Other fish occur as punning allusions to their owners’ names, e.g.
the Lucies (pike) of the family of Lucy, whose arms are one of the
quarterings of the Duke of Northumberland.
A fish when placed horizontally across the shield is blazoned _naiant_,
or swimming, and when perpendicular as though breathing on the surface
it is _hauriant_.
HUMAN FIGURES.--The human figure appears heraldically as representing
religious or symbolic persons, and in combination with other forms it
makes those composite figures which express a conjunction of symbolic
ideas. A woman’s head and breasts joined to the body of a lion made the
well-known Sphinx, a figure closely associated with Egypt, to which
country and to services rendered therein it usually alludes in modern
heraldry. The Greek sphinx is composed of the head and bust of a woman
joined to the body and legs of a dog, and in addition is winged. Its
occurrence is rare in heraldry, a recent instance being the Greek
sphinx sejant, which is the crest of the University of Leeds.
[Illustration: Printer’s Mark of Grimm & Wirsung, Augsburg, 1521. From
a volume by Erasmus. Hans Weidlitz.]
[Illustration: Arms of Schwingshärtein, a Nuremberg family. German,
_ca._ 1580.
The device is a punning one, the figure waving hair being in allusion
to the name of the family.]
[Illustration: Bookplate by Albert Dürer. _Circa_ 1520.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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